HHAL MEDICAL NEWS APRIL 2013
Higher Blood Levels of Omega-3s Linked to Lower Mortality Risk
High
plasma levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality,
according to an Annals of Internal Medicine study.
Some 2700 older U.S. adults without heart disease underwent
serum measurements of omega-3 fatty acids and then were followed for about 15 years. During that time, there were 1625 deaths.
In adjusted analyses, participants with the highest baseline levels of omega-3s had a 27% reduction in total mortality risk,
relative to those with the lowest levels. A decrease in cardiovascular mortality — and, in particular, arrhythmic cardiac
mortality — accounted for most of the risk reduction.
The researchers note that "the observed mortality differences
corresponded to approximately 2.2 more years of remaining life after age 65 years" in those with the highest omega-3
levels. They say their findings suggest that dietary omega-3s in older age might reduce overall mortality.
Annals
of Internal Medicine article
Omega-3s May Protect Against Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is a major public health concern, and the majority of cases are caused by
solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, which suppresses skin immunity. In that animal studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids
exert a protective effect against photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer, Lesley Rhodes, from The University of Manchester
(United Kingdom), and colleagues enrolled 79 men and women, ages 22 to 60 years, to consume either a supplement containing
5 g of omega-3 fatty acids (70% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 10% docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), or a control pill, daily
for three months. The subjects were then exposed to the equivalent of 8, 15, or 30 minutes of summer midday sun using a light
machine that emitted solar-simulated radiation. The team observed that immunosuppression was 50% lower in subjects who took
the omega-3 supplement and were exposed to 8 or 15 minutes of simulated sunlight, as compared to people who did not take the
supplement. The study authors conclude that: "Oral [omega-3 fatty acids] appear to abrogate photoimmunosuppression in
human skin, providing additional support for their chemopreventive role.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/747224
Male Pattern Baldness and Heart Risk: Location Matters
Male pattern baldness — in particular, baldness at the
crown of the head — is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease, according to a meta-analysis in BMJ
Open.
Researchers examined data from six observational studies that included nearly 37,000 men. After adjustment for
age, smoking, and other cardiac risk factors, severe baldness was associated with a significant increase in risk for CHD,
relative to no baldness (relative risk, 1.3). When the location of baldness was taken into account, vertex baldness (even
mild in nature) was significantly associated with CHD, while frontal baldness was not.
The authors write that traditional cardiac
risk factors, such as hypertension and smoking, might affect both baldness and heart disease, making baldness a potential
marker of atherosclerosis. They add: "It has also been postulated that baldness is linked to CHD by mechanisms such as
hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation and increased peripheral sensitivity to androgens."
BMJ
Open article
Cocoa
May Assist in Diabetes
Cocoa is abundant in antioxidants, most notably flavonol compounds which have been shown by previous studies to
exert beneficial effects. Isabel Cordero-Herrera, from the Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)
at Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) (Spain), and colleagues, studied the effects of cocoa polyphenol
extracts as well as the flavonol epicathechin on liver cells. The team found that insulin pathways and receptors improved
when exposed to the cocoa compounds. The study authors submit that: "Our data suggest that [epicathechin] and [cocoa
phenolic extract] strengthen the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of that pathway and regulating glucose production.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/750035
"D"fend Your Muscles
Previously, research suggests that Vitamin
D may assist in reducing muscle and joint pain in cancer patients, as well as improve muscle performance in overweight people.
Among 12 men and women with Vitamin DS deficiency, Sinha Akash, from Newcastle University (United Kingdom), and colleagues
investigated phosphocreatine recovery, a marker of muscle fatigue, both priot to and after Vitamin D supplementation.
The team found that a 10- to 12-week period of dietary supplementation of Vitamin D significantly improved muscle phosphocreatine
recovery. Further, all study subjects reported improvement in symptoms of fatigue. The study authors write that: “[Vitamin
D] therapy augments muscle mitochondrial maximal oxidative phosphorylation following exercise in symptomatic, vitamin D deficient
individuals,” submitting that: “For the first time, we demonstrate a link between vitamin D and the mitochondria
in human skeletal muscle.”
http://www.nutraingredients.com/content/view/print/753522
Telomeres Tell Longevity
Telomeres are the end caps of chromosomes,
protecting the DNA complexes from deterioration during cell division. Telomere shortening is considered a marker of cellular
aging, and prematurely shortened telomeres have been linked to increased risk of cancers, heart disease, dementia and death.
John Carlquist, from the University of Utah (Utah, USA), and colleagues tested DNA samples from over 3,500 heart attack and
stroke patients. They drew upon an archive of peripheral blood DNA samples collected from nearly 30,000 heart patients, with
as much as 20 years of follow-up clinical and survival data. Correlating the data with samples tested, the team was able to
predict survival rates among patients with heart disease based on the telomere lengths. The lead investigator comments that:
"I believe telomere length could be used in the future as a way to measure the effectiveness of heart care treatment."
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/imc-isf030813.php
Walking and Running Can Provide Comparable Heart Benefits
Similar total energy
expenditures, either from walking or running, offer comparable heart benefits, according to a study in Arteriosclerosis,
Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.
Researchers followed some 33,000 runners and 16,000 walkers for roughly 6 years. Overall, runners had
lower risks for incident hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. However, when runners and walkers expended equivalent
amounts of energy during their exercise regimens, coronary risk reductions were comparable between the groups.
The researchers conclude: "Our results suggest similar
benefit for similar energy expenditures. These results should be used to encourage physical activity in general, regardless
of its intensity." They add, however, that because runners averaged more than twice the energy expenditure of walkers,
promoting more vigorous exercise might lead to greater health benefits.
Arteriosclerosis,
Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology article
Vitamin D Fends Off Disease
A growing
body of evidence suggests the importance of Vitamin D in maintaining bone health, to the health of the cardiovascular and
immune systems. Arash Hossein-nezhad, from Boston University School of Medicine (Massachusetts, USA), and colleagues
completed a randomized trial involving 8 healthy men and women, average age 27 years, all of whom were vitamin D deficient/insufficient
at the study’s start. Three subjects received 400 IUs of Vitamin D daily, and five participants received 2,000
IUs daily, for a two-month period. Samples of immune cells were collected at the study start and end; gene expression analysis
was conducted to identify if activity increased or decreased as a result of the vitamin supplementation. The team observed
that the group receiving 2,000 IUs achieved a sufficient Vitamin D status; whereas the 400 IU group remained at insufficient
Vitamin D status. Reporting that: “Our data suggest that any improvement in vitamin D status will significantly
affect expression of genes that have a wide variety of biologic functions of more than 160 pathways linked to cancer, autoimmune
disorders and cardiovascular disease with have been associated with vitamin D deficiency,” the study investigators submit
that: “This study reveals for the first time molecular finger prints that help explain the nonskeletal health benefits
of vitamin D.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/756661
Olive Oil Nourishes Brain Cells
Alzheimer’s
Disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau proteins in the brain.
Oleocanthal is a phenolic component found abundantly in extra-virgin olive oil; some previous studies suggest that the compound
may exert neuroprotective effects. Amal Kaddoumi, from the University of Louisiana (Louisiana, USA), and colleagues
completed in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the ability for oleocanthal to two proteins- P-glycoprotein (P-gp)
and LDL lipoprotein receptor related protein-1 (LRP1) – as well as key enzymes believed to be critical in removing beta-amyloid
from the brain. The study investigators conclude that: “these findings provide experimental support that potential reduced
risk of AD associated with extra-virgin olive oil could be mediated by enhancement of [beta-amyloid] clearance from the brain
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/acs-ehe032013.php
Soybean Protein for Cancer Prevention
Soybean
seeds are a rich source of protein as well as oleic acid. Srinivas J. Rayaprolu, from the University of Arkansas (Arkansas,
USA), and colleagues monitored bioactivity between peptides derived from the meals of various soybean lines and a variety
of types of human cancer cells. The study showed that peptides derived from soybean meal significantly inhibited cell growth
by 73% for colon cancer, 70% for liver cancer and 68% for lung cancer cells using human cell lines. Submitting that their
data is the “First study to report anti-cancer bioactive peptides from high oleic acid soybeans,” the study investigators
conclude that: “Soybean peptide fractions can thus be a source of bioactivity against colon, liver and lung cancer cell
proliferation.”
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/e-nsh032013.php
Long-Term Mortality in Young Patients with Stroke
or TIA
Mortality was higher
in patients aged 18 to 50 than in their population-based peers in a prospective study.
These authors
analyzed a group of 959 patients admitted to one hospital in the Netherlands during a 30-year period with a diagnosis of transient
ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke. The investigators focused on first stroke in young patients,
defined as 18 to 50 years old at the time of presentation. Patients who smoked comprised 52.5% of the group; 27% of all patients
had hypertension. Patients were subsequently followed for a mean of 11.1 years. After excluding deaths within 30 days of the
index event, the authors compared observed and expected mortality. Expected mortality was based on calendar-matched rates
in their population. Subgr oup analyses included age (by decade) and sex.
Each stroke category was associated with increased cumulative mortality
at 20 years: The observed-to-expected standardized mortality ratio was 2.6 for TIA and 3.9 for both ischemic and hemorrhagic
stroke. In patients who survived at least 30 days after TIA or ischemic stroke, 20-year mortality was higher in men (33.7%)
than in women (19.8%). Mortality after ischemic stroke and TIA also differed significantly from expected in each age category.
Major causes of death during follow-up included cardiac causes (26%), malignancies (23%), and stroke (19%).
Medline abstract
Surprise! Air Pollution Can Kill You
A large, carefully designed study, published in Circulation,
provides convincing evidence of correlation between sudden cardiac death (SCD) and both fine particulate matter and ozone
levels.
Investigators conducted a case-crossover analysis of hourly recordings of air pollution levels and SCD in Houston
during 8 years. A total of 11,677 individuals experienced SCD. An increase of 6 μg/m3 in particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter in the 2 days before cardiac arrest significantly increased
the risk for SCD (relative risk, 1.046). An increase of 20 parts per billion in ozone on the day of cardiac arrest also significantly
increased the risk for SCD (RR, 1.038); the effect of ozone peaked 1 to 3 hours before the SCD event.
Journal
Watch Cardiology summary
Dutasteride Associated with Slower Progression of BPH
In men with an
enlarged prostate and few or no symptoms, use of dutasteride is associated with slower clinical progression, according to
a post-hoc analysis of the REDUCE study.
Published in BMJ, the analysis focused on
some 1600 men with prostate enlargement and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) under 8 (on a 35-point scale, with
higher numbers denoting severe symptoms). The men were randomized to receive dutasteride or placebo daily for 4 years.
The primary outcome was a composite index of clinical progression
including urinary retention, surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and an increase in IPSS of 4 points or more.
Patients on dutasteride had a 41% relative reduction in risk
for clinical progression, and an absolute risk reduction of 15%. Side effects on dutasteride were mainly erectile dysfunction
and loss of libido. The number needed to treat was 7.
BMJ article
Anti-Aging Lifestyle Reduces
Cardiovascular & Cancer Risks
The anti-aging lifestyle includes behaviors such as not smoking, achieving
a healthy blood sugar and blood pressure, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining healthy total cholesterol and
body mass index (BMI), and eating a healthy diet. These seven tenets are also reflected by the American Heart Association
(AHA) as ideal cardiovascular health metrics. Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik, from Northwestern University Feinberg School
of Medicine (Illinois, USA), and colleagues assessed data collected on 13,253 participants, mean age 54 years at baseline,
from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study which included nearly 20 years of follow-up. Subjects reported having
no history of cancer at baseline (nonmelanoma skin cancer was excluded). Researchers found that those who maintained
goals for six or seven of the cardiovascular health metrics had a 51% lower risk of incident cancer, as compared with those
meeting no goals.
http://www.medpagetoday.com/Cardiology/Prevention/37957
Dietary Fiber Fends Off Stroke
Previously, a number of studies have linked dietary fiber intake to specific
stroke risk factors, such as hypertension and high cholesterol. Diane Threapleton, from the University of Leeds (United
Kingdom), and colleagues completed a meta-analysis of eight prospective cohort studies from the United States, northern Europe,
Australia, and Japan reporting on fiber intake in healthy individuals (defined as not recruited based on history of disease
or poor health) and incidence of first ever stroke. The team found a steadily declining stroke risk coinciding with higher
total fiber intake. Specifically, each additional 7 g of daily dietary fiber consumed lowered the risk of hemorrhagic
and ischemic stroke combined by 7%. Writing that: “Greater dietary fiber intake is significantly associated with lower
risk of first stroke,” the study authors urge that: “Overall, findings support dietary recommendations to increase
intake of total dietary fiber.”
http://www.medpagetoday.com/Cardiology/Prevention/38144
Fish Oil Protects Memory
& Reaction Skills
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid, found abundantly in cold water fatty fish such as salmon.
Recent previous studies have identified that DHA is essential for the growth and functional development of the brain in infants.
Welma Stonehouse, from Massey University (New Zealand), and colleagues enrolled 176 healthy adults, ages 18 to 45years, who
were randomly assigned to receive either DHA supplements (1.16 g/day), or placebo, for six months. Cognitive performance
was assessed by using a computerized cognitive assessment. Among those receiving the DHA supplements, women subjects
experienced greater improvements in episodic memory, whereas men displayed 20% increased reaction times of working memory.
Further, the researchers examined the apoliprotein E genotype (ApoE), a risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease. Male
subjects who were both ApoE4 carriers and non-carriers benefitted from DHA supplements for reaction times of working memory,
with considerably greater effect in the gene carriers. The study authors conclude that: “[docosahexaenoic acid]
supplementation improved memory and the RT of memory in healthy, young adults whose habitual diets were low in [docosahexaenoic
acid].”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/757399
Higher Potassium Intake Lowers Blood Pressure and Is Associated with Less Risk for Stroke
A BP-lowering effect was noted in hypertensive people and those
with high sodium intake.
Low potassium intake is associated with hypertension and stroke. In new
meta-analyses, investigators assessed whether higher potassium intake protects against hypertension and adverse cardiovascular
(CV) events, including stroke.
Overall,
1600 individuals participated in 22 randomized trials; trial interventions were provision of potassium supplements in 20 trials
and dietary advice in the other 2. Higher potassium consumption significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by a mean
5.9 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by a mean 3.8 mm Hg. However, subgroup analyses revealed that higher potassium
intake lowered BP only in patients with hypertension (i.e., not in patients with normal or low BP). Daily potassium intake
of 90 to 120 mmol was associated with the largest reductions in SBP (mean, 7.2 mm Hg) and DBP (mean, 4.0 mm Hg). Notably,
higher potassium intake lowered SBP regardless of baseline potassium intake and antihypertensive drug use. When trials were
grouped by participants' sodium intake, the greatest decrease in SBP (mean, 6.9 mm Hg) was seen in studies with the highest
daily mean sodium intake (>4 g). In 11 cohort studies that involved 127,000 patients, high potassium intake was associated
with less risk for stroke (risk ratio, 0.76) but not with lower risk for incident CV disease or coronary heart disease.
Original article
Medline abstract
Continuing Statins May Improve Early Outcomes in Severe Sepsis
In a double-blind, randomized,
phase II study, 28-day mortality among prior statin users was significantly lower with continued atorvastatin therapy than
with placebo.
Animal and human studies suggest that statins may attenuate the inflammatory response in sepsis. However, statin toxicity
might be greater in the critically ill than in the general population. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial
involving 21 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand between July 2007 and August 2010, researchers assessed
the effects of atorvastatin on the outcomes of patients with severe sepsis.
A total of 250 adults with severe sepsis were randomized to
receive either 20 mg of atorvastatin or placebo daily, continued until day 14 of the study or until death or discharge from
the ICU, whichever occurred first. On admission, 77 (31%) of the patients were already taking statins.
Plasma interleukin (IL)-6
level, a marker for inflammation, was strongly related to ICU mortality, as well as to 28- and 90-day mortality and SOFA score
(P<0.0001 for each). Although these levels were significantly lower at baseline in prior statin users than in nonusers
(P=0.01), they were similar between treatment groups.
Overall, mortality rates — ICU, hospital, 28-day, and 90-day —
were similar between the atorvastatin and placebo groups. However, among prior statin users, 28-day mortality was lower with
continued atorvastatin treatment than with placebo (5% vs. 28%; P=0.01).
http://infectious-diseases.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2013/417/1?q=pfw-featured
Measuring Coronary Artery Calcium in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Identifies a Low-Risk Subset
Coronary calcium scores might help stratify risk for adverse cardiovascular events.
Kramer CK et al. BMJ 2013 Mar 25; 346:f1654
Gastrointestinal Complications from NSAID Use in Clinical Practice
More GI complications
occur with nonselective NSAIDs than with celecoxib in clinical practice, according to an industry-sponsored trial in the American Journal of Gastroenterology.
Researchers randomized some 8000 patients with osteoarthritis
to open-label treatment with celecoxib or a nonselective NSAID for 6 months. Overall, GI complications occurred in 1.3% of
the celecoxib group and 2.4% of the nonselective-NSAID group. Occult GI bleeding was the most common complication.
Perioperative Beta-Blockers Associated with Lower All-Cause Mortality
Patients undergoing
major noncardiac, nonvascular surgery seem to derive a survival benefit from perioperative beta-blockade, a JAMA study finds.
In a retrospective cohort study of Veterans Health Administration data, researchers assembled nearly
38,000 propensity-matched pairs (beta-blockade versus no blockade) of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Use of a beta-blocker
on the day of or day after surgery was associated with lower mortality at 30 days (relative risk, 0.73). A significant benefit
was limited to patients with two or more Cardiac Risk Index factors (namely, high-risk surgery, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic
heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, and renal insufficiency). Those with two risk factors had an RR of 0.63, which declined
to 0.40 in those with four or more.
No benefit was noted among those undergoing vascular surgery.
Given the controversy that surrounds perioperative beta-blockade, the authors
say their retrospective findings highlight the need for a randomized trial.
JAMA article
Sitagliptin Seems as Safe as Other Diabetes Drugs
By Amy Orciari
Herman
The
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (Januvia), approved to treat type 2 diabetes in 2006, appears to be as safe as
other diabetes drugs, according to a retrospective cohort study in BMJ.
Using a large U.S. database, researchers studied nearly 73,000 adults who began oral
medications for diabetes from 2004 through 2009; about 10% used sitagliptin, usually in combination with other drugs.
During a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, all-cause hospital admission or death occurred
in 20% of all patients. After multivariable adjustment, risk was similar in sitagliptin users and nonusers, even in analyses
limited to those with ischemic heart disease or reduced kidney function. In addition, the authors write, there were "no
safety 'signals' related to cardiovascular related hospital admissions or death, supporting the premise that sitagliptin
seems to be safe in patients with diabetes."
BMJ article
Intestinal Microbial Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine and Cardiovascular Risk
BACKGROUND
Recent
studies in animals have shown a mechanistic link between intestinal microbial metabolism of the choline moiety in dietary
phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) and coronary artery disease through the production of a proatherosclerotic metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). We investigated the relationship among intestinal
microbiota-dependent metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine, TMAO levels, and adverse cardiovascular events in humans.
METHODS
We quantified plasma and urinary levels of TMAO and plasma choline and betaine levels by means of liquid chromatography
and online tandem mass spectrometry after a phosphatidylcholine challenge (ingestion of two hard-boiled eggs and deuterium
[d9]-labeled phosphatidylcholine) in healthy participants before and after the suppression of intestinal microbiota with oral
broad-spectrum antibiotics. We further examined the relationship between fasting plasma levels of TMAO and incident major
adverse cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) during 3 years of follow-up in 4007 patients undergoing
elective coronary angiography.
RESULTS
Time-dependent increases in levels of both TMAO and its
d9 isotopologue, as well as other choline metabolites, were detected after the phosphatidylcholine challenge. Plasma levels
of TMAO were markedly suppressed after the administration of antibiotics and then reappeared after withdrawal of antibiotics.
Increased plasma levels of TMAO were associated with an increased risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (hazard ratio
for highest vs. lowest TMAO quartile, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.96 to 3.28; P<0.001). An elevated TMAO level predicted
an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after adjustment for traditional risk factors (P<0.001), as well
as in lower-risk subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS
The production of TMAO from dietary phosphatidylcholine
is dependent on metabolism by the intestinal microbiota. Increased TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of incident
major adverse cardiovascular events. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1109400?query=TOC
Bacterial Digestion of Red Meat Frees Compound Associated with Atherosclerosis
Patients may ask
about a new study that could explain how red meat consumption might contribute to heart disease. The study, published inNature
Medicine, found that the metabolism of carnitine (a trimethylamine abundant in red meat) by gut bacteria leads to the
formation of a compound associated with cholesterol transport and atherogenesis.
The compound, trimethylamine-N-oxide, or TMAO, was found to be
plentiful in the blood of meat eaters, but not vegans. When meat eaters had their gut bacteria suppressed with antibiotics,
their levels of TMAO did not rise after eating carnitine.
The researchers noted that increasing plasma carnitine levels were associated with increased risks
for prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease, but only among those who also had high TMAO levels.
In a New
York Times account, the study's senior author raised concern over
the amount of carnitine in some energy drinks and bodybuilding supplements, calling the implications "scary, especially
for our kids."
Nature
Medicine article
New
York Times story
Reassessing the Safety of Alcohol Consumption
After a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
A cohort study found modest alcohol intake to be associated with enhanced cardiovascular and overall survival.
Because moderate alcohol consumption is
known to modestly increase the risk for breast cancer, women who have been treated for this common malignancy often ask their
clinician if it is safe to consume alcoholic beverages. Between 1988 and 2008, 23,000 women with incident breast cancer (age
range at diagnosis, 20–79) were enrolled in a survivorship cohort. Information on prediagnosis alcohol intake was collected
from all women; postdiagnosis intake information was available for 4881 women. During a median 11.3 years of follow-up, 7780
deaths were observed, including 3484 and 1531 caused by breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, respectively. "Drinks"
were defined as 12 oz. of beer, 5 oz. of wine, or 1.5 oz. of spirits.
For prediagnosis alcohol consumption, breast cancer mortality was 15%
lower in women who consumed 3 to 6 drinks weekly (defined as modest drinkers) than in nonimbibers. Cardiovascular and any-cause
mortality were 25% and 20% lower, respectively, in modest drinkers. Postdiagnosis alcohol consumption was not associated with
elevated breast cancer mortality but was associated with lower cardiovascular and any-cause mortality.
Newcomb PA et al. J Clin Oncol
2013 Apr 8;
Demark-Wahnefried W
and Goodwin PJ. J Clin Oncol 2013 Apr 8;
Higher Potassium Intake Lowers Blood Pressure and Is Associated with Less Risk for Stroke
A BP-lowering effect
was noted in hypertensive people and those with high sodium intake.
Aburto NJ et al. BMJ 2013 Apr 4; 346:f1378
Weight Loss with Lifestyle Interventions in the Seriously Mentally Ill
An 18-month intervention
using exercise and weight management shows modest promise.
Daumit GL et al. N Engl J Med 2013 Mar 21;
Hormone Discovery May Allow Better Insulin Production in Diabetes
A hormone identified
in mice (and present in humans) increases the proliferation of insulin-secreting β cells, even in the presence of insulin
resistance, a study published in Cell finds.
Betatrophin, produced by liver and fat cells, "specifically promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation,
expands β-cell mass, and improves glucose tolerance," according to the study's abstract. The authors, who explain
their work in an online video, believe that betatrophin could augment or replace insulin injections in diabetes.
Cell article
Harvard Stem Cell Institute video
Fish Oil Exerts Beneficial
Effects on Heart Rate
Rich in omega-3 fatty
acids, fish oil enjoys a four-decade long history of scientific evidence attesting to its capacity to beneficially impact
heart health. Heart rate variability, the variation in the time interval between heartbeats, is considered to be a predictor
of risk of death following heart attack. Wei Xin, from the Chinese PLA General Hospital (China), and colleagues completed
an analysis of pooled data from 15 randomized clinical trials of fish oil on heart rate variability. The study authors report
that: “Short-term fish-oil supplementation may favorably influence the frequency domain of heart rate variability, as
indicated by an enhanced vagal tone, which may be an important mechanism underlying the antiarrhythmic and other clinical
effects of fish oil.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/757885
Activity Extends Cognitive Acuity
In that the number of cases of Alzheimer’s
Disease and dementia are projected to rise sharply in the next few decades, attention turns to the utility of physical and
mental activities, alone and in-combination, to help people retain cognitive faculties as they age. Deborah Barnes, from the
University of California/San Francisco (UCSF; California, USA), and colleagues enrolled 126 inactive men and women, average
age 73.4 years, who were experiencing cognitive declines, in a study to assess the combined effects of physical plus mental
activity on cognitive function. The researchers divided the participants into four groups. Three days a week for three months,
all engaged in some type of mental stimulation one hour daily and some physical activity for an hour daily. Some also engaged
in brain-training computer games and dance-based aerobics. A matched group who watched educational DVDs on arts, history and
science, or participated in a stretching and toning class, served as controls. At the end of the 12-week long study period,
all the study subjects – including controls - experienced improvements in memory and thinking regardless of the specific
activities they performed. The study authors write that: “In inactive older adults with cognitive complaints, 12 weeks
of physical plus mental activity was associated with significant improvements in global cognitive function … the amount
of activity is more important than the type.”
http://consumer.healthday.com/Article.asp?AID=674998
Cut Fat by Choosing
Canola
Characterized by central
obesity, hypertension, and adverse glucose and insulin metabolism, Metabolic Syndrome is a condition associated with increased
risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Penny Kris-Etherton, from Pennsylvania State University (Pennsylvania,
USA), and colleagues enrolled 121 participants at risk for metabolic syndrome in study where subjects consumed a daily smoothie
containing 40 grams (1.42 ounces) of one of five oils as part of a weight maintenance, heart-healthy, 2000-calorie per day
diet. Members of the group had five risk factors characterized by increased belly fat, low HDL cholesterol and above average
blood sugar, blood pressure and triglycerides that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. The researchers
repeated this process for the remaining four oils. Subjects who consumed canola or high-oleic canola oils on a
daily basis for four weeks lowered their belly fat by 1.6%, compared to those who consumed a flax/safflower oil blend. Abdominal
fat was unchanged by the other two oils, which included a corn/safflower oil blend and high-oleic canola oil enriched with
an algal source of the omega-3 DHA. Both the flax/safflower and corn/safflower oil blends were low in monounsaturated fat.
The lead investigator commented that: “The monounsaturated fats in [canola] oils appear to reduce abdominal fat, which
in turn may decrease metabolic syndrome risk factors.”
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/ps-mfr032913.php
Vitamin D Is an Essential Energy Nutrient
An underlying cause of fatigue can be suboptimal mitochondrial function,
and Vitamin D deficiency is a well-recognized cause of fatigue and myopathy. Akash Sinha, from Newcastle
University (United Kingdom), and colleagues used non-invasive magnetic resonance scans to measure the response to exercise
in 12 patients with severe deficiency before and after treatment with vitamin D. The team found that exercise recovery
rates significantly improved after the patients took a fixed dose of oral vitamin D for 10-12 weeks, with the average phosphocreatine
recovery half time decreasing from 34.4 sec to 27.8 sec. All patients reported an improvement in symptoms of fatigue after
having taken the supplements. In a parallel study, the group demonstrated that low Vitamin D levels were associated with reduced
mitochondrial function. Explaining that: “[Vitamin D] therapy augments muscle mitochondrial maximal oxidative
phosphorylation following exercise in symptomatic, vitamin D deficient individuals,” the study authors submit that:
“This finding suggests that changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle could at least be
partly responsible for the fatigue experienced by these patients. For the first time, we demonstrate a link between vitamin
D and the mitochondria in human skeletal muscle.”
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/nu-vdp040513.php
Vitamin D May Impact Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a brain disorder that causes tremors and
difficulty with movement and walking, and most commonly affects people over the age of 50. Masahiko Suzuki,from the
Jikei University School of Medicine (Japan), and colleagues have previously observed that higher circulating Vitamin D (as
measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI CC genotype associate with milder PD.
In their current study, the resesarchers enrolled 114 Parkinson's patients, ages 45 to 85 years, in a study in which 56
subjects took 1,200IUs of vitamin D per day for 12 months (with the remaining 58 subjects taking a placebo for the same length
of time). At the beginning of the study, about 45 patients in each group scored a 1 or 2 on a five-point scale that
measures disability from Parkinson's disease (where a score of 1 represents the least disability, while a 5 is bedridden).
At the end of the year, the researchers found that 16% of the subjects taking the supplements did not worsen on the assessment
scale; 7 people whose symptoms were stable in the group taking the placebo. When the team looked at the patients' vitamin
D receptor genes, they found that people with the gene version known as FokI TT benefited the most from supplements, followed
by those with the FokI CT variant, compared to people in the placebo group. People with the FokI CC genotype did not benefit
at all.
http://www.worldhealth.net/news/vitamin-d-may-impact-parkinsons-disease/
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/27/us-vitamind-parkinson-idUSBRE92Q15L20130327
Exercise Improves Brain
Connectivity in Parkinson’s
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a brain disorder that causes tremors and difficulty with movement and walking,
and most commonly affects people over the age of 50. Chintan Shah, from The Cleveland Clinic (Ohio, USA), and colleagues
studied 26 patients with stage II to III Parkinson's disease, ages 30 to 75 years, who were randomly assigned to either
voluntary or forced levels of exercise on a stationary bike for 8 weeks. Forced levels were about 30% above their normal exercise
rates, and were achieved by riding a tandem bike powered by a graduate student. Brain scans were done at baseline, after the
8 weeks of exercise, and then again 4 weeks after stopping exercise. Shah and colleagues correlated brain activity and connectivity
data with average pedaling rates. The researchers found that certain regions of the brain showed a strengthening of connectivity
with higher pedaling rates, while others showed a decrease in connectivity -- a finding that remained significant 4 weeks
after stopping exercise. Specifically, patients who pedaled faster tended to show increases in connectivity between
the thalamus and the primary motor cortex, while at the same time showing decreases in connectivity between the contralateral
motor cortex, a region known to help compensate for the deficits seen in Parkinson's disease. Finding that faster
pedaling is the key factor related to the improvements, the study authors report that: "They didn't have to
have a good cardiovascular response, as long as they just moved their legs at that pedal rate.
http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/RSNA/36119
http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/RSNA/36119
Green Tea Compounds
Boost Antioxidant Protection
Metabolic Syndrome is a condition Characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and adverse glucose and insulin metabolism;
it is associated with increased risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Arpita Basu, from Oklahoma State
University (Oklahoma, USA), and colleagues enrolled 35 obese men and women with Metabolic Syndrome in an eight-week long study
that randomly assigned each subject to one of three groups: the first group drank 4 cups of green tea daily; the second group
drank 4 cups of green tea and consumed green tea extract supplements daily; and the third group drank 4 cups of water a day
(served as controls). At the conclusion of the study period, the team observed significant increases in both plasma antioxidant
capacity, as well as glutathione levels, among the two groups that drank the green tea. The study authors submit that: “These
results support the hypothesis that green tea may provide antioxidant protection in the metabolic syndrome.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Green-tea-extracts-show-promise-for-people-with-metabolic-syndrome/
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/758286
Potential for Curry Spice Compound as
Alzheimer’s Treatment
With over 5 million Americans affected by Alzheimer’s Disease, and projections that the number will
rise to 16 million by 2050, scientists have been exploring natural therapeutic approaches because they involve shorter development
times and are generally less expensive, as compared to pharmacological products. One of the most promising
natural therapies is curcumin, a spice compound extracted from the rootstalks of the turmeric plant and gives curry its yellow
color and pungent flavor. While a number of hurdles in converting curcumin into a viable Alzheimer’s therapy
must be addressed, the cellular mechanisms by which it beneficially alters the inflammatory processes are being elucidated
today. Reporting that: ““All chronic diseases are caused by dysregulation of multiple targets,”
the article notes that: ”With curcumin, Mother Nature has already provided a compound that does so.”
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-08/acs-sii080112.php#
Leucine Supplement
May Boost Muscle Synthesis
Research suggests that
drinking a leucine-enriched protein drink whist taking part in endurance exercise may boost muscle synthesis by up to a third.
A team of researchers from the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tufts University, and Louisiana State
University System gave 8 volunteers 10 grams of a protein drink containing either 1.87 grams or 3.5 grams of leucine during
a cycling test. Results showed that consumption of the drink enriched with 3.5 grams of leucine was associated with a 33%
increase in muscle synthesis, compared with consumption of the drink enriched with 1.87 grams of leucine. “These data
indicate that increasing leucine availability during steady state exercise promotes skeletal muscle protein anabolism and
spares endogenous protein,” wrote the authors. “Our findings indicate that increasing the leucine content of protein
supplements provided for those populations susceptible to muscle loss, including proteolytic conditions – such as cachexia,
sarcopenia, and calorie deprivation – may warrant further exploration.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Leucine-supplements-boost-muscle-synthesis-by-33-during-exercise
Low Melatonin Linked to Diabetes
Melatonin is a hormone most commonly linked
to sleep and the body's biological clock; melatonin receptors are found throughout the body, including in the islet cells
of the pancreas, which produce insulin. Previous studies suggest that loss-of-function mutations in the melatonin receptor
are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Claran McMullan, from Harvard School of Public Health (Massachusetts,
USA), and colleagues reviewed data from the U.S. Nurses' Health Study. The researchers found 370 women who developed
type 2 diabetes during the study period, from 2000 to 2012. They also selected 370 women without diabetes for comparison.
Melatonin levels were obtained through urine samples. When researchers compared women with the lowest levels of melatonin
to those with the highest, they found that low levels increased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 2.17 times.
This association held true even after the researchers controlled for other risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as body
weight and dietary habits. Writing that: “Lower melatonin secretion was independently associated with a higher risk
of developing type 2 diabetes,” the study authors submit that: “Further research is warranted to assess if melatonin
secretion is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes within the general population.”
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=168917
Melatonin Secretion and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Ciaran J. McMullan,
MD, Eva S. Schernhammer, MD, DrPH, Eric B. Rimm, ScD, et al.
JAMA. 2013;309(13):1388 doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2710
Algae Boosts Immune Markers
Chlorella is a single-cell green algae that has been cultivated since the 1940s for its bioactive substances,
including vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, and more. Korean researchers enrolled 51 adults, who were randomly assigned
to receive either tablets containing 5 g per day of chlorella, or placebo, for eight weeks. Results showed that the activity
of Natural Killer (NK) cells increased by about 10% in the chlorella group, with a slight decrease in the placebo group. In
addition, levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), necessary for innate and adaptive immunity against rival and bacterial infections,
and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), key to the inflammatory response, were significantly increased in the chlorella group.
The study authors conclude that: "These results may suggest a beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella
supplementation which enhances the [Natural Killer] cell activity and produces interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 as well
as interleukin-1beta, the Th-1 cell-induced cytokines in healthy people.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/content/view/print/660052
Hormone Therapy Helps to Improve Cognition
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH),
growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exert potent effects on brain function, but their levels decrease
with advancing age. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is key to the production of both GH and IGF-1. Previously,
a number of studies suggest that elevating levels of these hormones in people at risk for cognitive impairment might prevent
mental decline or improve function. Laura Baker, from the University of Washington School of Medicine (Washington, USA),
and colleagues enrolled 152 adults, ages 55 to 87 years, including 66 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Subjects were
randomly assigned to receive either daily subcutaneous injections of GHRH, or placebo. The primary outcome was cognitive
change measured by a battery of standard tests at baseline and weeks 10, 20, and 30 (following a 10-week washout period).
The researchers also conducted blood tests at those intervals to measure circulating levels of the three hormones, finding
that GHRH increased insulin-like growth factor 1 levels by an average factor of 2.17 –within the normal physiological
range. Those taking GHRH exhibit a significant improvement in overall cognition that was comparable among both healthy participants
and those with MCI. Importantly, GHRH significantly improved executive function, and appeared to improve verbal memory as
well. Further, GHRH also reduced body fat by 7.4% . Reporting that adverse events were mild, the study authors conclude
that: "Twenty weeks of [growth hormone-releasing hormone] administration had favorable effects on cognition in both adults
with [mild cognitive impairment] and healthy older adults. “
http://www.medpagetoday.com/Neurology/GeneralNeurology/34076
Poor Mental Health May Shorten Life Expectancy
Previous studies investigating the association
between symptoms of mental health and life expectancy have been small and unable to reliably measure thresholds of risk. A
team of researchers from the University College London and the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom) analyzed data
collected on over 68,000 adults, ages 35 years and older, enrolled in the Health Survey for England from 1994 to 2004.
Participants in the study had been evaluated for mental health problems using a recognized scale ranging from no symptoms
to severe symptoms of depression and anxiety. The team then ascertained whether people who reported these symptoms during
the study were more likely to have died over an 8 year period. They also examined whether there was an association with death
from cardiovascular disease, cancer or from external causes of death. The data revealed that people who experienced
symptoms of anxiety or depression had a lower life expectancy, as compared to those without any such symptoms. Even people
with minor symptoms of mental health problems seemed to have a higher risk of death from several major causes, including cardiovascular
disease. The study authors conclude that: “Psychological distress is associated with increased risk of mortality from
several major causes in a dose-response pattern.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/wt-pmh073112.php
FDA Approves Novel Diabetes Drug
The
FDA has approved the first oral inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) to treat adults with type 2 diabetes. Canagliflozin (Invokana) lowers blood sugar by blocking the kidneys' urinary reabsorption
of glucose, resulting in increased urinary excretion.
In nine studies comprising over 10,000 patients, the SGLT2 inhibitor improved hemoglobin
A1c levels and blood sugar levels. Canagliflozin has been studied as a stand-alone treatment and in combination with metformin,
sulfonylurea, pioglitazone, and insulin.
because Invokana not only helped patients improve blood sugar control, but also lose weight and control their high blood pressure, according to maker Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies.
In one 26-week study, those on Invokana lost about 6 to 8 pounds, while those in the placebo group lost only
about a pound.
Losing weight can help
people control their diabetes.
Common side effects include urinary tract infection and vaginal yeast infection. Dizziness or fainting
could occur during the first 3 months of treatment due to the tablet's diuretic effect, which can lead to orthostatic
or postural hypotension. The drug should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe renal
impairment, or end stage renal disease.
It will also cost a lot more than other diabetes drugs. The wholesale cost for Invokana is $8.77 a pill,
according to Katie Mahony, a spokeswoman for Janssen. Retail cost for the 100-milligram starting dose, without co-pays or
coverage, is about $10 a pill, or $300 a month.
The popular diabetes drug metformin can cost as little as 25 cents a pill.
In one of the Invokana studies, patients took the drug by itself. Other studies looked at results of the
drug when used with other drugs, such as metformin.
A similar number of patients got their levels of A1c -- a test that measures blood sugar control -- down
to the target of less than 7% whether they used Invokana alone or with metformin (45% and 46%, respectively, over a 26-week
period). The same was true for how much weight they lost. People taking Invokana alone lost 8.5 pounds over 26 weeks, while
those taking both drugs lost a little more than 9 pounds in the same time period.
Invokana worked better, the company says, in lowering weight and levels
of A1c than the drugs sitagliptin (Januvia) or glimepiride (Amaryl).
FDA news release
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=169151&pf=3&page=1
Nonobstructive coronary artery disease with acute chest pain
Patients with either nonobstructive coronary artery disease
or normal findings evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography for acute chest pain during an intermediate-term
follow-up had equal benign clinical outcomes. The American Journal of Cardiology
Hyponatremia as universal risk
factor
The present study demonstrated that hyponatremia is a risk
factor for cardiac death as well as all-cause death in Japan, suggesting that hyponatremia should be considered as an important
universal risk factor
Unnecessary
antinuclear antibody testing
In this retrospective study, more than 90% of patients who
were referred to a tertiary rheumatology clinic for a positive ANA test result had no evidence for an ANA-associated rheumatic
disease. The poor predictive value of a positive ANA in this cohort was largely attributable to unnecessary testing in patients
with low pretest probabilities for ANA-associated rheumatic disease. The American Journal of Medicine
Family history is strongest predictor of myocardial infarction
This study found that compared to other clinical coronary
artery disease risk factors, family history (+) in young patients is the strongest clinical predictor of future unheralded
myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology
Improving the recovery rate
in severe Bell's palsy
Combined treatment with a steroid and an antiviral agent is
more effective in treating severe to complete Bell's palsy than steroid treatment alone. The American Journal of Medicine
Study: Mental exercises best
drugs for preventing cognitive declines
Mental exercises may be more effective than drugs at staving
off cognitive declines, new research shows. A review in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found hormone therapy and
anti-inflammatories designed to help prevent cognitive decline in older patients were associated with worse cognitive function
while other drugs failed to offer any clear benefit. However, cognitive exercises addressing reasoning, speed and memory proved
beneficial for older adults, researchers said. DailyRx.com
Study links antihistamines
to higher risk of C. difficile infection
An analysis of 33 studies showed that patients taking histamine
2 receptor antagonists, a class of antihistamines, have a greater risk of developing Clostridium difficile infection, which
can cause diarrhea. The risk was highest among hospitalized patients on antibiotics. The findings appeared online in the journal
PLoS One. HealthDay News
More U.S. hospitals plan to
buy physician practices
A survey by Jackson Healthcare showed 52% of responding hospitals
had plans to acquire physician practices this year. Forty-four percent completed acquisitions last year. Researchers said
54% of those planning acquisitions intended to acquire family practice physician offices, while 26% expressed interest in
general internal medicine practices. American Medical News (free content)
Walking and Running as Healthy Habits
The extent of a person’s
energy expenditure is a key determinant in risk reductions for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and coronary
heart disease
3D Printer Produces Synthetic Tissues
Printer generates material
that can perform some of the basic functions of the cells inside the human body.
Vitamin D Is an Essential Energy Nutrient
Vitamin D is vital
for efficient muscle performance and may help to boost energy levels.
Driveway Coating May Raise Cancer Risk
Living near asphalt
that is sealed with coal tar may raise a person’s risk of getting cancer, with the greatest potential effect in young
children.
Flaxseed Improves Glycemic Control
Daily consumption of
flaxseed may decrease insulin resistance and help reduce the risk of developing type-2 diabetes, among pre-diabetic men and
women.
Low Testosterone Linked to Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk
Lower levels of testosterone
are predictive of rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among men.
Walnuts Help to Lower Diabetes Risk
Women who consume walnuts
regularly may reduce their risks of type-2 diabetes by as much as 24%.
Low Melatonin Linked to Diabetes
Decreased levels of
the hormone melatonin may be linked to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Fish for Longevity
Consuming two servings
of fatty fish per week may add as much as two extra years of lifespan.
Pharmaceuticals Poison Water Supply & Aquatic Life
Pharmaceuticals commonly
found in the environment are disrupting streams, with unknown impacts on aquatic life and water quality.
Longer Telomeres via Long-Term Endurance Exercise
Older athletes who
engage in endurance training have longer telomere length, and maximal oxygen consumption positively associates with telomere
length.
Water Workouts Exert Less Joint Wear & Tear
Exercising on watercycling
machines helps people who have joint problems such as arthritis, or are overweight, to participate in aerobic activity.
Stem Cell Therapy May Prevent Osteoarthritis
Mesenchymal stem cells
prevent post-traumatic arthritis, in a lab animal model.
Cartilage Repair via Nanoscale Scaffolds & Stem Cells
Johns Hopkins researchers
successfully use nanoscale artificial fiber scaffolds to help coax stem cells into developing into cartilage.
Grape Compound Enhances Exercise Performance
Resveratrol improves
strength and endurance, in lab models.
Adjunctive CAM Therapy Effective for Lower Back Pain
Complementary &
Alternative Medical (CAM) therapies as an adjunct to conventional medical care improves outcome measures.
Tai Chi Yields Cardiovascular, Muscle Strength Benefits
Older men and women
who regularly practice Tai Chi demonstrate improved expansion and contraction of arteries, as well as improved knee muscle
strength.
Strength Training Improves Quality of Life
Not only does lifting
weights improve muscle power and promotes cardiovascular health, but doing so enhances quality of life as well.
Lab Grows Neuromuscular Connections Vital for Brain-Muscle Communication
University of Central
Florida (US) team successfully uses stem cells to grow neuromuscular junctions between human muscle cells and human spinal
cord cells.
Leucine Supplement May Boost Muscle Synthesis
Drinking a leucine-enriched
protein drink whilst taking part in endurance exercise may boost muscle synthesis by a third.
Omega-3s Hold Promise for Breast Cancer
Omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolite products may slow or stop the
proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells by as much as 90%
Black Tea Compounds Beneficial for Blood Pressure
Rich in flavonoids, black tea may help to reduce variability in nighttime
blood pressure.
Mercury Exposure May Raise Diabetes Risk
Higher levels of mercury exposure – such as that which may occur
from consumption of fish and shellfish – may increase the risks for type 2 diabetes.
Walking and Running as Healthy Habits
The extent of a person’s energy expenditure is a key determinant
in risk reductions for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and coronary heart disease
3D Printer Produces Synthetic Tissues
Printer generates material that can perform some of the basic functions
of the cells inside the human body.
Vitamin D Is an Essential Energy Nutrient
Vitamin D is vital for efficient muscle performance and may help to boost
energy levels.
Driveway Coating May Raise Cancer Risk
Living near asphalt that is sealed with coal tar may raise a person’s
risk of getting cancer, with the greatest potential effect in young children.
Flaxseed Improves Glycemic Control
Daily consumption of flaxseed may decrease insulin resistance and help
reduce the risk of developing type-2 diabetes, among pre-diabetic men and women.
Low Testosterone Linked to Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk
Lower levels of testosterone are predictive of rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among men.
Irregular Heartbeat Linked to Memory Decline
Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, associates with
cognitive impairment and dementia, with or without a history of clinical stroke.
Facebook May Boost Cognitive Skills
Men and women ages 65+ could boost their cognitive function by learning
to use Facebook.
Role of Resveratrol for Hearing & Cognition
Resveratrol, an antioxidant substance found abundantly in red grapes and
red wine, may have the potential to protect against hearing loss and cognitive decline.
Blood Test May Help to Assess Memory Loss
Higher levels of thrombogenic microvesicles may raise the risk of developing
white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the brain, among postmenopausal women, blood
Good Mood Boosts Brain Power
Older adults may improve their decision making and working memory simply
by maintaining a positive mood.
Heart Disease Triples Risk of Cognitive Impairment
Cardiac disease is an independent risk factor for mild cognitive impairments
presaging vascular dementia, among older women.
Lighter Sleep May Compromise Memory
Dysfunctional pathway may explain the relationship between brain deterioration,
sleep disruption and memory loss as we age.
Hearing Loss May Herald Cognitive Decline
Among older adults, hearing loss associated with accelerated cognitive
decline and cognitive impairment.
Depression Linked to Cognitive Decline
Late-life depression associates with prevalent mild cognitive impairment
and an increased risk of dementia.
Exercise May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
US National Cancer
Institute scientists elucidate clues as to how exercise may be protective.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors More Prominent at Younger Ages
Generational shifts
in metabolic risk factors suggest that today’s adults are less healthy than their predecessors.
Fiber Improves Metabolic & Cardiovascular Markers
Daily supplements of
soluble fiber help to improve metabolic and cardiovascular measures, among diabetics
Omega-3s Hold Promise for Breast Cancer
Omega-3 fatty acids
and their metabolite products may slow or stop the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells by as much as 90%
Black Tea Compounds Beneficial for Blood Pressure
Rich in flavonoids,
black tea may help to reduce variability in nighttime blood pressure.
Mercury Exposure May Raise Diabetes Risk
Higher levels of mercury
exposure – such as that which may occur from consumption of fish and shellfish – may increase the risks for type
2 diabetes.
Walking and Running as Healthy Habits
The extent of a person’s
energy expenditure is a key determinant in risk reductions for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and coronary
heart disease
3D Printer Produces Synthetic Tissues
Printer generates material
that can perform some of the basic functions of the cells inside the human body.
Vitamin D Is an Essential Energy Nutrient
Vitamin D is vital
for efficient muscle performance and may help to boost energy levels.
Driveway Coating May Raise Cancer Risk
Living near asphalt
that is sealed with coal tar may raise a person’s risk of getting cancer, with the greatest potential effect in young
children.
1 in 3 Seniors Dies with Alzheimer’s or a Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease
presently afflicts 5.2 million Americans with the number swelling to 13.8 million by 2050
Poor Sleep May Presage Alzheimer's Disease
Worse sleep quality
may correlate to increased amyloid deposits in the brain, a marker of Alzheimer's Disease.
Fit 50s May Forestall Alzheimer’s
People who maintain
cardiorespiratory fitness in mid-life may be less likely to develop dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease, as they age.
Vitamin D Linked to Cognitive Acuity
Higher vitamin D dietary
intake associates with a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, among women.
Active Lifestyle A Key to Forestalling Alzheimer’s
An active lifestyle
helps preserve gray matter in the brains of older adults and could reduce the burden of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Diabetes Raises Alzheimer’s Proteins
Salk Institute (US)
scientists reveal a physiological mechanism that may link diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease.
Carbs & Sugars Raise Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
Eating a diet laden
with carbohydrates raises the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment by four times; sugars raise that risk 1.5 times.
Hormonal Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease Explored
Low serum levels of
insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 may correlate with Alzheimer's Disease,
in men
Genetic Changes Contribute to the Aging Brain
Shrinking of the hippocampal
region of the brain occurs with age and may be caused by the cumulative effect of genetic factors.
Memory-Training Techniques Help Re-Engage the Brain
Strategies to train
the memory may also re-engage the hippocampus– a brain region critical for memory formation, among people affected by
mild cognitive impairm
Loneliness Compromises the Immune System
People who are lonely
produce more inflammation-related proteins in response to acute stress, potentially contributing to coronary heart disease
and more.
Exercise Rx for Cancer Survivors
T cells become more
responsive in exercising cancer survivors weeks after chemotherapy ends.
Beta Glucan Boosts Post-Exercise Immune Response
A popular dietary supplement
could help to boost the immune system of athletes and people who regularly participate in strenuous exercise.
Fever Plays Key Role in Fighting Infection
An elevated body temperature
plays a vital role on the generation of effective T-cell mediated immune response.
Immune Markers Characterize Exceptional Health in Aging
Exceptional cognitive
and physical function in old age leaves a tell-tale immunologic fingerprint.
Green Vegetables Boost Immune System
Green vegetables are
the source of a chemical signal that is necessary for a fully-functioning immune system.
New Mechanism in Aging of Immune System Identified
Revealing a new mechanism
controlling ageing in white blood cells, discovery by UK scientists may herald innovative approaches to boost the immune system.
Exercise May Protect Telomeres
Telomeres, protective
caps on the ends of chromosomes that are a measure of cell age, may be protected from premature shortening by regular physical
activity.
Spirulina May Boost Immune System
Daily spirulina supplementation
increases counts of white blood cells, among a group of seniors.
Oral Drops Effective At Treating Allergies
http://mnt.to/l/4czv
Combined Physical And Mental Activities Good For
Thinking Skills Among Older Adults
http://mnt.to/l/4cG2
Carmustine A Powerful Candidate Drug For Treatment
And Prevention Of Alzheimer's Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4cyd
Natural Lubricant May Effectively Treat, Prevent
Osteoarthritis
http://mnt.to/l/4cyT
Study For Frozen Shoulder
http://mnt.to/l/4cBJ
Coal-Tar-Sealing Of Pavements May Increase Risk
Of Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4cDB
Mapping Telomerase Is An Important Step Towards
Predicting The Risk Of Developing Different Cancers
http://mnt.to/l/4cCr
Heart Disease Danger Underestimated By Cholesterol
Calculation
http://mnt.to/l/4cBm
High-Fat Foods May Be A Factor In Glucose Control
http://mnt.to/l/4cDv
Popular Diabetes Drugs May Harm The Pancreas
http://mnt.to/l/4cFt
Invokana (canaglifozin) For Type 2 Diabetes Approved
By FDA
http://mnt.to/l/4cDR
Popular Diabetes Drugs May Cause Abnormal Pancreatic
Growth In Humans
http://mnt.to/l/4cBp
Caffeine-'Addicted' Bacteria Offer
Applications In Medicine, The Environment And More
http://mnt.to/l/4cCF
Study Reveals How Bacterial Resistance Works
http://mnt.to/l/4cBP
Common Fruit Fly Key To Discovering How Memories
Are Written Into Brain Cells
http://mnt.to/l/4cDG
Music Benefits Both Mental And Physical Health
http://mnt.to/l/4cD8
Brain Scans Can Predict Criminal Behavior
http://mnt.to/l/4cBQ
Biologists Pinpoint The Origin Of Olfactory Nerve
Cells
http://mnt.to/l/4cz5
Organisation Trumps Size In Primate Brain Evolution
http://mnt.to/l/4cxS
Eating Fish Helps You Live Longer
http://mnt.to/l/4cH5
Shaking The Salt Habit
http://mnt.to/l/4cDq
Novel Screening Procedure For Accurately Determining
The Amount Of Animal, Plant, And Microbial Substances In Foods
http://mnt.to/l/4cC8
High Fiber Diet Protects You From Stroke
http://mnt.to/l/4cDb
Eating A Protein-Rich Breakfast Helps Us To Avoid
Unhealthy Snacking In The Evening
http://mnt.to/l/4cBj
Organic Diets Improve Health Of Fruit Flies
http://mnt.to/l/4cB5
Metabolic Syndrome Risk Reduced By Monounsaturated
Fats
http://mnt.to/l/4cFk
Obesity Slows You Down
http://mnt.to/l/4cF8
Changes To Gut Microbiota May Play A Role
In Weight Loss
http://mnt.to/l/4cBZ
Breath Test Reveals Gut Bacteria Linked
To Obesity
http://mnt.to/l/4cBN
Decreasing Diabetes Risk In Obese Children And
Adolescents Through Vitamin D Supplementation
http://mnt.to/l/4czX
Obesity May Be Linked To Microorganisms
Living In The Gut
http://mnt.to/l/4cxR
One Of The Earliest Possible Changes In
The Development Of Prostate Cancer Detected By Scientists
http://mnt.to/l/4cCm
Association Between Early-Onset Baldness In African-American
Men And Prostate Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4czy
Baldness Linked To Higher Risk Of Prostate Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4cBM
Study Reveals How Diabetes Drug Delays Ageing
In Worms
http://mnt.to/l/4cDY
Animal Studies Suggest Fewer Children Means Longer
Life
http://mnt.to/l/4cCJ
How Metformin Prevents Aging And Cancer Progression
http://mnt.to/l/4cBW
Social Isolation Tied To Shorter Lifespan
http://mnt.to/l/4czq
Statin Therapy Side Effects Go Away With
Persistence
http://mnt.to/l/4cG3
Study Sheds New Light On Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4d6Q
Swedish Study Suggests Reduced Risk Of Dementia
http://mnt.to/l/4d3Z
Memory Loss Reversed In Animal Brain Cells
http://mnt.to/l/4cZP
New Alzheimer's Treatment May Come From
Discovering How Plaques Lead To Tangles
http://mnt.to/l/4cZm
Study Suggests Home-Based Exercise Beneficial For
Patients With Alzheimer Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4cX9
Tylenol Can Ease Anxiety Over Fear Of Dying
http://mnt.to/l/4d2B
Reduce Your Stress - Your Health Depends On It
http://mnt.to/l/4d2d
Link Between Chronically Elevated Cortisol Levels
And Cardiovascular Disease Revealed By Hair Analysis
http://mnt.to/l/4cZf
Risk For Rheumatoid Arthritis Increased By Smoking
http://mnt.to/l/4d4R
Simple Brace Can Significantly Reduce Pain
Of Kneecap Osteoarthritis
http://mnt.to/l/4d4h
Smoking More Than Doubles The Risk Of Rheumatoid
Arthritis
http://mnt.to/l/4d5t
Low-Dose Aspirin May Halt Breast Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4d5x
Digoxin Found To Be Safe Despite Recent Reports
http://mnt.to/l/4cYT
The Damaging Effect Of Cholesterol On The Brain
And On Blood Vessels
http://mnt.to/l/4cXq
Inflammatory Factors In The Brain May Hold The
Key To Depression/Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidity
http://mnt.to/l/4d4W
Diabetes Risk Linked To Melatonin
Secretion During Sleep
http://mnt.to/l/4d2D
Babies Show Adult-Like Consciousness As Early As
Five Months
http://mnt.to/l/4d46
Freezing Nerves, An Effective Way To Treat Chronic
Pain
http://mnt.to/l/4cXR
A Night's Sleep Enhances A Musicians Skill
When Practicing A New Melody
http://mnt.to/l/4cWT
Older Adults Benefit From Mediterranean Diet's
Health Effects
http://mnt.to/l/4d3g
Majority Of U.S. Citizens Have Inadequate Levels
Of Vitamin E In Their Diet; It Is Almost Impossible To Take A Harmful Amount
http://mnt.to/l/4cWN
Grapes Help Protect Organ Damage Caused By Metabolic
Syndrome
http://mnt.to/l/4d5D
Giving Dietary And Exercise Advice Simultaneously
Produces Better Results Than Focusing On One Behavior Change At A Time
http://mnt.to/l/4d52
Change Diet And Exercise Together For Best Results
http://mnt.to/l/4d4N
Health Promotion And Childhood Obesity Prevention
Initiatives
http://mnt.to/l/4cZX
Protein That Interferes With Appetite-Suppressing
Hormone Identified And Blocked In Mouse Model
http://mnt.to/l/4cZT
Portion Size And Overeating
http://mnt.to/l/4cYt
What Really Makes Us Fat?
http://mnt.to/l/4cYG
Nearly Half Of All Deaths From Prostate Cancer
Can Be Predicted Before Age 50
http://mnt.to/l/4cYH
Vitamin D May Reduce Risk Of Uterine Fibroids,
According To NIH Study
http://mnt.to/l/4cX2
How Does Alzheimer's Disease Develop? New Pathway Found
http://mnt.to/l/4cLz
Low Testosterone Levels In Men May Indicate Rheumatoid Arthritis
http://mnt.to/l/4cJC
Early Osteoarthritis Detection Via Cartilage Damaged From Exercise
http://mnt.to/l/4cHp
Common Heart Drug Associated With Increased Cancer Risk
http://mnt.to/l/4cMX
Arrhythmia Drug May Increase Cancer Risk
http://mnt.to/l/4cLm
Fatty Acid Metabolite Shows Promise Against Cancer In Mice
http://mnt.to/l/4cKf
In Mouse Model, Fatty Acid Metabolite Shows Promise Against Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4cHL
Compound In Red Meat, Energy Drinks, Raises Heart Risk Via Gut Bacteria
http://mnt.to/l/4cMw
Imaging Technology Could Lower Coronary Disease Mortality Rate
http://mnt.to/l/4cH4
Clues To Wound Healing Offered By Fruit Flies
http://mnt.to/l/4cLQ
Muscle Metabolism And Diabetes
http://mnt.to/l/4cNd
Direct Association Between Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity Found
http://mnt.to/l/4cHb
Supplementation Of Alternative Fuels Could Protect The Brain During Hypoglycemia
http://mnt.to/l/4cGg
The Flexibility Of Human Language - By Mouth And By Hand
http://mnt.to/l/4cJH
The Epigenetic Effects Of Milk
http://mnt.to/l/4cM8
Chocolate Infused With Fruit Juice Has 50 Percent Less Fat
http://mnt.to/l/4cMn
Poor Bone Health, Muscle Fatigue Due To Vitamin D Deficiency Effectively Treated With
Supplements
http://mnt.to/l/4cMf
Less Salt and More Potassium Reduce Risk Of Stroke
http://mnt.to/l/4cLC
Reducing Salt And Increasing Potassium Will Have Major Global Health Benefits
http://mnt.to/l/4cKk
"Health Halo Effect" Of Organic Labels
http://mnt.to/l/4cGG
Two Servings Of Fatty Fish Per Week Associated With Lower Risk Of Dying Among Older
Adults
http://mnt.to/l/4cG8
Fish Oil May Actually Enhance The Function Of B Cells
http://mnt.to/l/4cFG
Increasing The Biological Understanding Of The Origins Of Obesity
http://mnt.to/l/4cMt
Sildenafil Helps Turn 'Bad' White Adipose Tissue Into 'Good And Healthy'
Brown Adipose Tissue
http://mnt.to/l/4cFJ
Mouse Model Used To Study Aging At The Molecular Level
http://mnt.to/l/4cNm
Ischemic Strokes Can Lead To Chronic Pain
http://mnt.to/l/4cKH
