HHAL MEDICAL NEWS MARCH 2013
Insufficient Vitamin D in Pregnancy Linked to Adverse Outcomes
Low maternal serum vitamin D levels
are associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, according to a meta-analysis inBMJ.
Researchers
analyzed results from 31 studies comprising over 22,000 pregnant women. Women with a serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) below 75 nmol/L were at increased risk for gestational
diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49) and preeclampsia (OR, 1.79). A 25-OHD level lower than 37.5 nmol/L was associated with
having an infant who was small for gestational age (OR, 1.85).
Editorialists write: "Although optimal
maternal 25-OHD levels at different gestational times are not known, levels below 50 nmol/L are common during pregnancy, particularly
in populations at high latitudes and in specific subpopulations. Evidence of a causal association between vitamin D deficiency
and some maternal and neonatal outcomes is insufficient, but the evidence for bone health is clear cut. The findings of this
meta-analysis support a goal of vitamin D sufficiency for all pregnant women."
BMJ article
Sugary Drinks May Account for Over 180,000 Deaths Worldwide Each
Year
By Amy Orciari Herman
Sugar-sweetened beverages may be linked to over 180,000 deaths worldwide
each year — including 25,000 deaths in the U.S. — according to a study presented at the American Heart Association's
Epidemiology and Prevention/Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism meeting in New Orleans.
Using
data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study, researchers estimated that sugar-sweetened sodas, fruit drinks, and sports
drinks may have accounted for 133,000 diabetes deaths, 44,000 cardiovascular deaths, and 6000 cancer deaths in 2010. Three
quarters of these deaths were in low- and middle-income countries.
AHA press release
Coffee & Longevity
Assessing parameters of coffee drinking and health among subjects
enrolled in the NIH AARP Diet and Health Study, ages 50 to 71 years at the study’s start in 1995/1996, Neal Freedman, from the US National Cancer
Institute (NCI; Maryland, USA), and colleagues examined the relationship between coffee drinking and risks of total and cause-specific
death. Following the subjects until 2008, the team found was that over the course of follow-up, there was an inverse
association between coffee drinking and the risk of death overall and with a number of different causes as well. It was a modest association, and at the top categories of coffee drinking, there was only a 10%
to 15% reduction in the risk of dying during follow-up. The association tended to get stronger as participants
drank more coffee, though the result was very similar for those who drank two or three cups per day and those who drank more
than that. The top category we had was six or more cups (8-oz/cup) per day. The study authors conclude that: “In this
large prospective study, coffee consumption was inversely associated with total and cause-specific mortality.”
http://www.liebertpub.com/global/pressrelease/is-there-a-link-between-coffee-drinking-and-mortality/1204/
How Extra Virgin Olive Oil Protects Against Alzheimer's Disease
The mystery of exactly how consumption of extra virgin olive oil helps reduce the risk of Alzheimer's
disease (AD) may lie in one component of olive oil that helps shuttle the abnormal AD proteins out of the brain, scientists
are reporting in a new study. It appears in the journal ACS Chemical Neuroscience.
Amal
Kaddoumi and colleagues note that AD affects about 30 million people worldwide, but the prevalence is lower in Mediterranean
countries. Scientists once attributed it to the high concentration of healthful monounsaturated fats in olive oil - consumed
in large amounts in the Mediterranean diet. Newer research suggested that the actual protective agent might be a substance
called oleocanthal, which has effects that protect nerve cells from the kind of damage that occurs in AD. Kaddoumi's team
sought evidence on whether oleocanthal helps decrease the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain, believed to
be the culprit in AD.
They describe tracking
the effects of oleocanthal in the brains and cultured brain cells of laboratory mice used as stand-ins for humans in such
research. In both instances, oleocanthal showed a consistent pattern in which it boosted production of two proteins and
key enzymes believed to be critical in removing Aβ from the brain. "Extra-virgin olive oil-derived oleocanthal associated
with the consumption of Mediterranean diet has the potential to reduce the risk of AD or related neurodegenerative dementias,"
the report concludes.
The mystery of exactly how consumption of extra virgin olive oil helps reduce the
risk ofAlzheimer's disease (AD) may lie in one component of olive oil that helps shuttle the abnormal AD proteins out of the
brain, scientists are reporting in a new study. It appears in the journal ACS Chemical Neuroscience.
Amal Kaddoumi and colleagues note that AD affects about
30 million people worldwide, but the prevalence is lower in Mediterranean countries. Scientists once attributed it to the
high concentration of healthful monounsaturated fats in olive oil - consumed in large amounts in the Mediterranean diet. Newer research suggested that the actual protective agent might be a substance
called oleocanthal, which has effects that protect nerve cells from the kind of damage that occurs in AD. Kaddoumi's team
sought evidence on whether oleocanthal helps decrease the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain, believed to
be the culprit in AD.
They describe tracking the effects of oleocanthal in the brains and cultured brain cells of laboratory
mice used as stand-ins for humans in such research. In both instances, oleocanthal showed a consistent pattern in which it
boosted production of two proteins and key enzymes believed to be critical in removing Aβ from the brain. "Extra-virgin
olive oil-derived oleocanthal associated with the consumption of Mediterranean diet has the potential to reduce the risk of AD or related neurodegenerative dementias," the report concludes.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/printerfriendlynews.php?newsid=257979
Olive Oil Compound Exerts
Anti-Cancer Effects
Olive oil contains oleuropein, a potent antioxidant compound, for which previous researchers have identified the capacity
to inhibit cell proliferation of breast and urinary cancers, as well, as to decrease breast cancer cell viability.
ZK Hassan, from King Saud University (Saudi Arabia), and colleagues investigated the effect of oleuropein on the metastatic
and anti-metastatic gene expression in the MDA human breast cancer cell line. The team observed that oleuropein initially
down-regulated matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) genes – thought to be overexpressed in tumor cells; and oleuropein
promoted the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPS) – with which cell-death inducing properties are associated.
The study authors submit that: “oleuropein plays an important role in regulating MDA cell metastasis by suppressing
the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes and upregulating the expression of TIMP1 and TIMP4 genes in breast cancer cells therefore
it can help in tailoring new anti-metastatic cancer therapy.”
http://www.apocpcontrol.org/paper_file/issue_abs/Volume13_No9/4555-9%208.24%20Zeinab%20K%20Hassan.pdf
Vitamin D for Longevity
Vitamin D can help elderly women survive
Giving vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) to predominantly elderly
women, mainly in institutional care, seems to increase survival. These women are likely to be vitamin D deficient with a significant
risk of falls and fractures. This is the key conclusion in a systematic review published in the latest edition of The Cochrane
Library.
Up
until now there has been no clear view on whether there is a real benefit of taking vitamin D. "A Cochrane meta-analysis
published only a couple of years ago found that there
was some evidence for benefit, but it could not find an effect on mortality. We were, however, aware that more trials had
been published and wanted to assess the effects of vitamin D when you added all the data together," said Dr Goran Bjelakovic,
who works at Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
at the University of Nis, in Serbia and at The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group at The Copenhagen Trial Unit in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The eight-strong international team of researchers identified
50 randomised trials that together had 94,148 participants. They had a mean age of 74 years, and 79% were women. "Our
analyses suggest that vitamin D3 reduces mortality by about 6%. This means that you need to give about 200 people vitamin
D3 for around two years to save one additional life," says Bjelakovic.
There were no significant benefits of taking other forms
of vitamin D such as vitamin D2, and the active forms of the vitamin, alfacalcidol or calcitriol. However, the researchers
point out that they could only find much less data relating to these types of vitamin D and so these conclusions should be
taken with caution. "We need to have more randomised trials that look specifically to see whether these forms of vitamin
D do or don't have benefits," says Bjelakovic. His team did conclude that alfacalcidol and calcitriol significantly
increased the risk of hypercalcaemia, and vitamin D3 combined with calcium significantly increased the risk of kidney stones.
There have been reports and comments that taking vitamin
D can reduce the risk of getting cancer, but this work showed no evidence that vitamin D reduced cancer-related mortality.
"Previous reviews of preventive trials of vitamin D
have not included as much information and have not examined the separate influence of different forms of vitamin D on mortality.
By taking data from a larger number of trials we have been able to shed much more light on this important issue," says
Bjelakovic.
Many older women, particularly
those in institutionalized care, are vitamin D deficient and at increased risk of falls and fractures. Goran Bjelakovic,
from the University of Nis (Serbia), and colleagues
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-07/w-vdc070111.php
Telomeres Tell Longevity
Telomeres are the end caps of chromosomes, protecting the DNA complexes from deterioration
during cell division. Telomere shortening is considered a marker of cellular aging, and prematurely shortened telomeres have
been linked to increased risk of cancers, heart disease, dementia and death. John Carlquist, from the University of Utah (Utah,
USA), and colleagues tested DNA samples from over 3,500 heart attack and stroke patients. They drew upon an archive of peripheral
blood DNA samples collected from nearly 30,000 heart patients, with as much as 20 years of follow-up clinical and survival
data. Correlating the data with samples tested, the team was able to predict survival rates among patients with heart disease
based on the telomere lengths. The lead investigator comments that: "I believe telomere length could be used in the future
as a way to measure the effectiveness of heart care treatment.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/imc-isf030813.php
Omega-3s May Protect Against
Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is a major public
health concern, and the majority of cases are caused by solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, which suppresses skin immunity.
In that animal studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids exert a protective effect against
photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer, Lesley Rhodes, from The University of Manchester (United Kingdom), and
colleagues enrolled 79 men and women, ages 22 to 60 years, to consume either a supplement containing
5 g of omega-3 fatty acids (70% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 10% docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), or a control pill,
daily for three months. The subjects were then exposed to the equivalent of 8, 15, or 30 minutes of summer midday sun using
a light machine that emitted solar-simulated radiation. The team observed that immunosuppression
was 50% lower in subjects who took the omega-3 supplement and were exposed to 8 or 15 minutes of simulated sunlight, as compared
to people who did not take the supplement. The study authors conclude that: "Oral [omega-3 fatty acids] appear
to abrogate photoimmunosuppression in human skin, providing additional support for their chemopreventive role.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Omega-3-supplements-could-prevent-skin-cancer-Study/
Cocoa May Assist in Diabetes
Cocoa is abundant in antioxidants, most notably flavonol compounds which have been shown by
previous studies to exert beneficial effects. Isabel Cordero-Herrera, from the Institute of Food Science and Technology and
Nutrition (ICTAN) at Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) (Spain), and colleagues, studied the effects
of cocoa polyphenol extracts as well as the flavonol epicathechin on liver cells.
The team found that insulin pathways and receptors improved when exposed to the cocoa compounds. The study authors submit
that: "Our data suggest that [epicathechin] and [cocoa phenolic extract] strengthen the insulin signalling by activating
key proteins of that pathway and regulating glucose production.”
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Cocoa-may-help-diabetics-regulate-insulin-says-study/
Cranberry Compounds as Future
Therapy to Control Blood Sugar Levels
Evidence exists to suggest that
a potential approach to controlling blood sugar is to inhibit the action of specific enzymes which are involved in carbohydrate
digestion. Ann Barrett, from the US Army Natick Soldier Research Center (Massachusetts, USA), and colleagues tested
tannin compounds from cranberry, pomegranate, grape, and cocoa for their ability to bind to the digestive enzymes alpha-amylase
and glucoamylase. Whereas all for foods were able to inhibit the activity of glucoamylase to varying degrees, only cranberry
extracts – followed closely by pomegranate – were effect is in inhibiting alpha-amylase activity. The team
submits that the demonstrated inhibitory effects of primary compounds may be of future assistance as a natural therapeutic
to control
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Cranberry-compounds-show-potential-for-blood-sugar-management-strategies/
Green Tea Compound May Help to Stabilize Blood Sugar
Posted on Dec. 13, 2012, 6 a.m. in Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes Functional Foods
Green tea contains between 30 and 40% polyphenols,
potent antioxidant compounds; specifically, green tea is abundant in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Joshua Lambert,
from Penn State University (Pennsylvania, USA), and colleagues fed lab mice EGCG with a meal consisting of starches (common
corn starch, maltose, sucrose, or glucose). The researchers observed that cotreatment with EGCG significantly reduced
post-meal
http://www.nutraingredients.com/Research/Green-tea-compound-may-help-reduce-blood-sugar/
Salt Consumption May Fuel Autoimmune Diseases
There has been a marked increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases in the past half-century, and many public health
experts speculate that this rise cannot be explained solely by genetic factors – rather that diet and lifestyle may be involved. An international team of researchers, led by Markus Kleinewietfeld, from Yale University
(Connecticut, USA), and colleagues completed cell culture experiments showing that increased sodium chloride can lead to dramatic
induction of aggressive immune cells, known as Th17. In mice in which an experimental autoimmune condition mimicking multiple
sclerosis was elicited, the team observed that these autoreactive Th17 cells exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis. Further, the number of these Th17 cells increased dramatically under a high-salt diet. The study authors conclude
that: “Increased dietary salt intake might represent an environmental risk factor for the development of autoimmune
diseases through the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells.”
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/haog-ise030513.php
Chlorthalidone Associated with More Electrolyte Problems Than Hydrochlorothiazide
The diuretics chlorthalidone
and hydrochlorothiazide are similarly effective at preventing cardiovascular events among older adults with hypertension,
but electrolyte abnormalities are more common with chlorthalidone, according to a study in the Annals
of Internal Medicine.
Canadian researchers used healthcare databases to identify
nearly 30,000 adults over age 65 recently prescribed varying doses of chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide. During follow-up,
the rate of the primary outcome — a composite of death or hospitalization for MI, stroke, or heart failure — did
not differ significantly between the chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide groups (3.2 and 3.4 events per 100 person-years).
Hospitalization
for hypokalemia was more likely among chlorthalidone recipients (0.69 vs. 0.27 events per 100 person-years), as was hospitalization
for hyponatremia.
The authors conclude that in the absence of a large, randomized
trial comparing the two treatments, "it may be reasonable to conclude that hydrochlorothiazide is safer than chlorthalidone
in elderly patients at typically prescribed doses."
Annals
of Internal Medicine article
High-Potency Statins Associated with Acute Kidney Injury
During First 120 Days' Use
By Joe Elia
Use
of high-dose statins is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for acute kidney injury, according to a BMJ study.
Researchers
used administrative databases — mainly Canadian but also U.S. and U.K. cohorts — to examine hospitalization rates
for acute kidney injury in nearly 2.1 million patients newly prescribed a statin. High-potency statins were defined as at
least 10 mg of rosuvastatin, at least 20 mg atorvastatin, and at least 40 mg simvastatin.
Among
patients without chronic kidney disease, those taking high-potency statins were 34% more likely to be hospitalized for acute
kidney injury during the first 120 days of therapy than those starting low-potency regimens. Patients with preexisting kidney
disease showed a smaller (roughly 10%) increase in risk with high-dose treatment.
The authors
estimate that 1700 patients without preexisting kidney disease would have to receive high-potency statins for 120 days to
cause an additional hospitalization.
BMJ article
Quitting Smoking Lowers CV Risk, Regardless of Weight Gain
Adults who quit smoking
are at lower cardiovascular risk than those who continue to smoke, even if they gain weight in the post-cessation period,
according to a JAMA study.
Researchers
studied nearly 3300 adults from the Framingham Offspring Study who didn't have cardiovascular disease at baseline. During
25 years' follow-up, some 630 CVD events occurred.
Among participants without diabetes, those
who quit smoking during the study had about half the CVD risk as those who continued to smoke, even when weight gain was taken
into account. Findings were similar among diabetic patients who quit smoking, although the risk reduction was not statistically
significant.
Editorialists point out that the study could not assess the effect of weight
gain over 10 kg. Nonetheless, they conclude that the findings "can be used to reassure patients concerned about the health
effects of cessation-related weight gain."
JAMA article
Macrolide Antibiotic Linked to Increased CV Risk in Patients with
Lung Conditions
Use of the macrolide clarithromycin
in patients admitted with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or community-acquired pneumonia is associated
with increased risk for cardiovascular events, a BMJ study
finds.
Researchers examined outcomes among nearly 3000 patients admitted to U.K. hospitals
with either condition. During 1 year of follow-up, there were roughly 450 new admissions for a CV event.
After
multivariable adjustment, patients who had received at least one dose of clarithromycin during their initial hospitalization
were over 50% more likely to be admitted for a CV event during follow-up than those who didn't receive a macrolide. In
addition, among COPD patients, clarithromycin use was associated with increased risk for CV mortality at 1 year.
The
researchers say their study is the first to show that clarithromycin use among such patients might be associated with an increased
CV risk that persists well after treatment has stopped. Several potential mechanisms for this effect are proposed in the paper.
BMJ article
Effect
of Azithromycin Maintenance Treatment on Infectious Exacerbations Among Patients With Non–Cystic Fibrosis BronchiectasisThe BAT Randomized Controlled Trial
Importance Macrolide
antibiotics have been shown beneficial in cystic fibrosis (CF) and diffuse panbronchiolitis, and earlier findings also suggest
a benefit in non-CF bronchiectasis.
Objective To determine the efficacy of macrolide maintenance
treatment for adults with non-CF bronchiectasis.
Design, Setting, and Participants
The BAT (Bronchiectasis and Long-term Azithromycin Treatment) study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
conducted between April 2008 and September 2010 in 14 hospitals in the Netherlands among 83 outpatients with non-CF bronchiectasis
and 3 or more lower respiratory tract infections in the preceding year.
Interventions Azithromycin
(250 mg daily) or placebo for 12 months.
Main Outcome Measures Number of infectious exacerbations
during 12 months of treatment. Secondary end points included lung function, sputum bacteriology, inflammatory markers, adverse
effects, symptom scores, and quality of life.
Results Forty-three participants
(52%) received azithromycin and 40 (48%) received placebo and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. At
end of study, the median number of exacerbations in the azithromycin group was 0 (interquartile range [IQR], 0-1), compared
with 2 (IQR, 1-3) in the placebo group (P < .001).
Thirty-two (80%) placebo-treated vs 20 (46%) azithromycin-treated individuals had at least 1 exacerbation (hazard ratio, 0.29
[95% CI, 0.16-0.51]). In a mixed-model analysis, change in forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (percent
of predicted) over time differed between groups (F1,78.8 = 4.085, P = .047), with an increase of 1.03% per 3 months in the
azithromycin group and a decrease of 0.10% per 3 months in the placebo group. Gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in
40% of patients in the azithromycin group and in 5% in the placebo group (relative risk, 7.44 [95% CI, 0.97-56.88] for abdominal
pain and 8.36 [95% CI, 1.10-63.15] for diarrhea) but without need for discontinuation of study treatment. A macrolide resistance
rate of 88% was noted in azithromycin-treated individuals, compared with 26% in the placebo group.
Conclusions and Relevance Among adults with non-CF bronchiectasis, the daily use of azithromycin for 12 months compared with placebo
resulted in a lower rate of infectious exacerbations. This could result in better quality of life and might influence survival,
although effects on antibiotic resistance need to be considered.
Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00415350
Azithromycin: FDA Issues Cardiac Warning
The antibiotic azithromycin
(Zithromax and Zmax) can cause QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes, the FDA warned on Tuesday.
The agency says that healthcare providers should consider
risk for fatal heart rhythms when treating patients already at high cardiovascular risk, including people with known prolongation of the QT interval, torsades de pointes, congenital long QT syndrome, bradyarrhythmias,
or uncompensated heart failure; patients taking drugs that prolong the QT interval; and patients with proarrhythmic conditions
(e.g., uncorrected hypokalemia). Older patients and patients with cardiac disease may also be at higher risk.
The
warning follows a New England Journal of Medicine study
last year that found a higher rate of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients who took 5 days of azithromycin,
compared with other antibiotics.
FDA safety alert
Newer Sleep Meds Raise Hip Fracture Risk in Nursing Home Residents
Use of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drugs
— zolpidem (marketed as Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), or zaleplon (Sonata) — increases the risk for hip fracture
by 66% in elderly nursing home residents, according to a JAMA Internal
Medicine study.
Researchers used
Medicare claims data to study some 1700 nursing home residents with hip fracture whose doctors had prescribed nonbenzodiazepine
hypnotics within 149 days before the fracture. For each patient, the researchers compared use of these drugs within 30 days
before the fracture with use during two earlier periods. They found a 66% increase in risk for hip fracture within 30 days
of using the drugs. This risk was higher in new users and in patients who needed limited assistance with transfers.
A
commentator notes that this study leaves us with "the nagging question" of whether it's the use of these drugs
or the sleep disorders they're given for (or both) that accounts for the elevated fracture risk.
JAMA
Internal Medicine article
Vascular
Changes During the Menopausal Transition
Adverse carotid artery remodeling accelerates during late perimenopause.
Several studies have suggested that vascular changes associated with
excess risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur during the menopausal transition. Now, investigators assessed 249 women
from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (baseline age, 42–57; 49% premenopausal, 46% early perimenopausal)
to determine whether rates of change in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and adventitial diameter (AD) vary by menopausal
stage. Women underwent 5 carotid ultrasound measurements during a median 3.7 years' follow-up.
The overall
rate of increase in IMT was 0.007 mm/year. Irrespective of age and race, the rate of increase was significantly greater during
late perimenopause (0.017 mm/year) than either early perimenopause (0.005 mm/year) or premenopause (0.007 mm/year). Although
the overall rate of change in AD was negative (–0.009 mm/year), significant increases in AD were observed during late
perimenopause and postmenopause. In models adjusted for risk factors, postmenopausal status was independently associated with
greater IMT and AD compared with premenopausal status (P <0.05).
Medline abstract
Effect of Long-term, Low-Dose Erythromycin on Pulmonary Exacerbations Among Patients With Non–Cystic Fibrosis BronchiectasisThe BLESS
Randomized Controlled Trial
Importance Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin may
improve clinical outcomes in non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis, although associated risks of macrolide resistance
are poorly defined.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and antimicrobial resistance cost of low-dose erythromycin
given for 12 months to patients with non-CF bronchiectasis with a history of frequent pulmonary exacerbations.
Design, Setting, and Participants Twelve-month, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin in currently
nonsmoking, adult patients with non-CF bronchiectasis with a history of 2 or more infective exacerbations in the preceding
year. This Australian study was undertaken between October 2008 and December 2011 in a university teaching hospital, with
participants also recruited via respiratory physicians at other centers and from public radio advertisements.
Interventions
Twice-daily erythromycin ethylsuccinate (400 mg) or matching placebo.
Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome was the annualized mean rate of protocol-defined pulmonary exacerbations (PDPEs) per patient. Secondary
outcomes included macrolide resistance in commensal oropharyngeal streptococci and lung function.
Results
Six-hundred seventy-nine patients were screened, 117 were randomized (58 placebo, 59 erythromycin), and 107 (91.5%) completed
the study. Erythromycin significantly reduced PDPEs both overall (mean, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.93-1.65] vs 1.97 [95% CI, 1.45-2.48]
per patient per year; incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42-0.77]; P = .003), and in the prespecified subgroup with baseline Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection (mean difference, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.19-2.46];P = .02). Erythromycin reduced 24-hour sputum production (median difference,
4.3 g [interquartile range [IQR], 1 to 7.8], P = .01) and attenuated lung function decline (mean absolute difference for change
in postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration, 2.2 percent predicted [95% CI, 0.1% to 4.3%]; P = .04)
compared with placebo. Erythromycin increased the proportion of macrolide-resistant oropharyngeal streptococci (median change,
27.7% [IQR, 0.04% to 41.1%] vs 0.04% [IQR, −1.6% to 1.5%]; difference, 25.5% [IQR,15.0% to 33.7%]; P < .001).
Conclusion and Relevance Among patients with non-CF bronchiectasis, the 12-month use of erythromycin
compared with placebo resulted in a modest decrease in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations and an increased rate of macrolide
resistance.
ABSTRACT
Sleep
apnea and ulcer bleeding
Sleep apnea may be an independent risk factor
for peptic ulcer bleeding.
The American Journal of Medicine
Electrolyte
disorder risk factors
Electrolyte disorders are common among older
community subjects and mainly associated with diabetes mellitus and diuretics. Subjects who used both thiazides and benzodiazepines
had a more severe degree of hyponatremia. Because even mild electrolyte disorders were associated with mortality, monitoring
of electrolytes and discontinuation of offending drugs may improve outcomes. The American Journal of Medicine
Study: Chelation treatment does not improve heart health
Chelation therapy did not reduce risk of second heart attack or stroke in adult heart attack patients when compared
with placebo treatment, according to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. "This evidence and information
should serve to dissuade responsible practitioners from providing or recommending chelation therapy for patients with coronary
disease and should discourage patients with previous (heart attack) from seeking this therapy with the hope of preventing
subsequent cardiovascular events," experts wrote in one of two accompanying editorials. Reuters
Mexican-Americans with diabetes have higher risk
of dementia
Older
Mexican-Americans undergoing diabetes treatment had a twofold increased risk of dementia and other cognitive disorders compared
with their peers without diabetes, researchers reported in Diabetes Care. Researchers also noted a higher mortality risk in
those with treated and untreated diabetes. MedPage Today
Lonely, isolated seniors face higher risk of early death, study finds
Social isolation and loneliness were associated with increased risk of early death among seniors, according
to a British study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers said social isolation was linked to
higher risk of early mortality regardless of factors such as health and age, while loneliness was tied to increased risk of
early death in those who had underlying mental or physical issues. U.S. News & World Report/HealthDay New
Vitamin K level tied to osteoarthritis
In the first such longitudinal study, subclinical vitamin K deficiency was associated with increased risk of developing
radiographic knee osteoarthritis and MRI-based cartilage lesions. Further study of vitamin K is warranted given its therapeutic/prophylactic
potential for osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Medicine
Statin benefits on coronary artery bypass grafting
This
study concluded that statin initiation immediately prior to coronary artery bypass grafting may modestly reduce the risk of
post-operative acute kidney injury, particularly in younger coronary artery bypass graft patients. The American Journal of Cardiology
Restless legs syndrome in men
The restless legs syndrome prevalence among U.S. male physicians is similar to that of men of the same
age group in other Western countries. A history of diabetes is the most consistent risk factor associated with restless legs
syndrome. Prevalent stroke and myocardial infarction are related to restless legs syndrome prevalence. The American Journal of Medicine
Hardening of the arteries an ancient disease
Atherosclerosis was common in four preindustrial populations including preagricultural hunter-gatherers.
Although commonly assumed to be a modern disease, the presence of atherosclerosis in premodern humans raises the possibility
of a more basic predisposition to the disease. (Free registration required.) The Lancet
Regular aspirin use may reduce melanoma risk in older women
U.S. researchers looked at data from the Women's Health Initiative involving almost 60,000 white women and found
that those who took aspirin regularly were 21% less likely to develop melanoma than nonusers. The longer aspirin was used,
the lower their risk, according to the study in the journal Cancer. The reduced risk could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory
properties of aspirin, lead author Dr. Jean Tang said. Nurse.com (3/11), HealthDay News
Study: Flu shot lowers hospitalization risk in older
adults
The
risk of flu-related hospitalization during the 2011-12 flu season was 71.4% lower among all adults who received a shot and
76.8% lower among people ages 50 and older, according to a study. "This study is reassuring in light of recent reports
that flu vaccination can be less effective in older adults," said study lead author Keipp Talbot. The findings appeared
in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. United Press International
Research finds inappropriate colonoscopies in older
patients
Twenty-three percent of colonoscopies performed in patients age 70 and older may be inappropriate, according
to a study of Texas patients reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, and among those 76 to 85, up to 39% were considered inappropriate.
Researchers also found more than 40% of tests performed by some physicians
involved patients who likely did not need the screening. "There's very limited data for any cancer test that it leads
to any benefit for older adults," said Dr. Mara Schonberg. Reuters
Restless legs syndrome and cardiovascular disease
In this large cohort of female health professionals, various vascular risk factors are associated
with the prevalence of restless legs syndrome. The authors could not confirm the results of previous reports indicating an association between prevalent
cardiovascular disease and restless legs syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine
Meeting ideal heart health metrics can reduce cancer risk
Achieving six or seven of the Life's Simple 7 goals for cardiovascular health lowered the
likelihood of cancer by 51%, compared with meeting none of the goals, according to a study in the journal Circulation. Even meeting
just one or two of the goals was associated with a 21% reduction in cancer risk, researchers said. Nurse.com
Study: Mammograms every other year lower false-positive
results
Women
50 to 74 who got a mammogram every other year were not at increased risk of advanced breast cancer compared with those who
received annual mammography, according to a study in JAMA Internal Medicine. Yearly mammography was associated with higher
rates of false-positive results. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's guidelines from 2009 call for mammography every
other year beginning at 50. Nurse.com ,Reuters
In an observational study, clopidogrel did
not confer risk for serious perioperative bleeding.
In general, surgery should be done promptly after hip fracture. However,
when the patient has been taking clopidogrel (Plavix), the surgeon might be concerned about excessive perioperative bleeding.
In fact, the following statement appears in the official prescribing information for clopidogrel: à"If
a patient is to undergo surgery and an antiplatelet effect is not desired, discontinue Plavix five days prior to surgery."
In this retrospective cohort study from Mayo
Clinic, investigators identified 40 hip-fracture patients who were taking clopidogrel at admission and who underwent surgery
within 36 hours. Cases were compared with 80 controls (matched for age, sex, and several other clinical variables) who also
underwent prompt surgery for hip fractures and who had not been taking clopidogrel. Two major bleeding events occurred in
the clopidogrel group, and three occurred among controls (a nonsignificant difference). The incidence of a broader combined
bleeding outcome (encompassing major bleeding events, need for transfusions, and fall in hemoglobin level) also was similar
in the two groups.
Medline abstract
An Approach to Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
Experts have
published an exhaustive review, with new algorithms for evaluation and management.
Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are common incidental
findings on chest computed tomography; if CT screening for lung cancer becomes commonplace, the pool of patients with SPNs
will expand further. The March 2013 issue of Chest includes
two reviews on SPNs: One, on radiologic characteristics, includes 16 images that illustrate the spectrum of SPNs; in the other,
researchers present a "practical algorithm" for diagnosis and management.
In brief, the algorithm is as follows:
If possible, obtain old CT images; 2-year stability usually requires no further follow-up.
If no previous images are available, determine whether the SPN
is solid or subsolid (subsolid refers to ground-glass nodules through which normal parenchymal structures are visible; these
often are slow-growing adenocarcinomas, which require a somewhat different approach).
For small solid SPNs ( 8 mm), follow the Fleischner Society guidelines on intervals for repeat
CT (Radiology 2005; 237:395).
For large solid SPNs (>8 mm), assess the probability
of malignancy according to clinical and imaging characteristics (online calculator). Further evaluation depends on whether calculated probability of malignancy is low (<5%), intermediate (5%–60%)
or high (>60%) and is based partly on previously published guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians (Chest 2007; 132:108s).
Pure subsolid small SPNs ( 5 mm) require no follow-up;
a special algorithm for follow-up imaging is provided for larger subsolid SPNs.
ω-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids extend life span through the activation of autophagy
Abstract
Adaptation
to nutrient scarcity depends on the activation of metabolic programs to efficiently use internal reserves of energy. Activation
of these programs in abundant food regimens can extend life span. However, the common molecular and metabolic changes that
promote adaptation to nutritional stress and extend life span are mostly unknown. Here we present a response to fasting, enrichment
of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which promotes starvation resistance and extends Caenorhabditis elegans life span. Upon fasting, C. elegans induces
the expression of a lipase, which in turn leads to an enrichment of ω-6 PUFAs. Supplementing C. elegans culture
media with these ω-6 PUFAs increases their resistance to starvation and extends their life span in conditions of food
abundance. Supplementation of C. elegans or human epithelial cells with these ω-6
PUFAs activates autophagy, a cell recycling mechanism that promotes starvation survival and slows aging. Inactivation of C. elegans autophagy components reverses the increase in life span conferred by supplementing
the C. elegans diet with these fasting-enriched ω-6
PUFAs. We propose that the salubrious effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3/6 PUFAs (fish oils) that have emerged
from epidemiological studies in humans may be due to a similar activation of autophagic programs.
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/27/4/429.abstract
Telomere Length Predicts Vulnerability
to the Common Cold
In young adults, shorter telomeres were associated with weaker viral
immunity.
Cohen S et al. JAMA 2013 Feb 20; 309:699
More Forgetful as You Get Older? Get Better (Slow-Wave) Sleep
Atrophy of the medial prefrontal cortex, reduced slow-wave sleep, and impaired long-term episodic memory
are linked.
Mander BA et al. Nat
Neurosci 2013 Jan 27;
No Benefit from Memantine for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Memantine fared no better than placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial.
Boxer
AL et al. Lancet Neurol 2013
Feb 12:149
Thiazides Might Be Less Cardioprotective in Lean Than in Overweight
Hypertensive Patients
But amlodipine was equally effective in lean and overweight
patients.
Weber MA et al. Lancet 2013 Feb 16; 381:537
Long-Term Exclusive Breast-Feeding Does Not Prevent Childhood Obesity
An intervention
that promoted exclusive breast-feeding did not reduce adiposity.
Martin RM et al. JAMA 2013 Mar 13; 309:1005
Correcting Low Vitamin D Levels in Obese Adolescents Improves Insulin Sensitivity
Adolescents
who took 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily had lower fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance than controls.
Belenchia AM et al. Am J Clin Nutr
2013 Feb 13;
Can Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Prevent Autism?
Periconceptional folate supplementation was associated with lower risk for autism spectrum disorders in a nationwide
Norwegian cohort.
Reviewing:
Surén P et al. JAMA 2013 Feb 13; 309:570
In a primary prevention trial, this diet modestly outperformed a low-fat diet.
Estruch R et al. N Engl J Med 2013 Feb 25;
Is Sugar Intake Specifically Driving the Diabetes Epidemic?
In a country-by-country analysis, sugar availability is related to prevalence of diabetes.
Basu S et al. PLoS ONE 2013 Feb 27; 8:e57873
Coronary Artery Calcification Helps Predict Stroke Risk
Coronary artery
calcification (CAC) independently predicts future stroke risk in people considered to be at low and intermediate risk, according
to a study in Stroke.
In a population-based
cohort of 4180 people aged 45 to 75, some 90 people experienced a stroke over 8 years' follow-up. After adjusting for
Framingham risk factors, people with a CAC score of 400 or higher had three times the risk for stroke, relative to those with
a score of zero. CAC was effective in predicting stroke risk in people under age 65 (but not older), independent of atrial
fibrillation or sex.
Stroke article
Aspirin
May Prevent Melanoma in Postmenopausal White Women
Regular
aspirin use is associated with a reduction in melanoma risk among postmenopausal white women, according to an analysis from
the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, published in Cancer.
Researchers
followed nearly 60,000 women for a median of 12 years. During that time, some 550 melanomas were diagnosed. Women who reported
using aspirin regularly had a 21% lower incidence of melanoma than those taking nonaspirin NSAIDs or those not taking NSAIDs.
In Journal Watch Dermatology, Jeffrey
P. Callen writes: "Unless there is a contraindication, I will tell a patient who asks my advice that low-dose aspirin
seems to usefully reduce melanoma risk."
Coronary Disease's Long History — Ask the Pharaohs
Heart disease apparently has been plaguing
humankind for thousands of years, according to a study in the Lancet.
Whole-body CT scans of 137 mummies from four distinct geographical regions — including ancient Egypt and Peru — found probable or definite atherosclerosis
in 34%. How'd they keep this under wraps for so long?
Lancet article
http://download.thelancet.com/flatcontentassets/pdfs/S014067361360598X.pdf
Hydrogen sulfide, the next potent preventive and therapeutic agent in
aging and age-associated diseases.
Zhang Y, Tang ZH, Ren Z, Qu SL, Liu MH, Liu LS, Jiang ZS.
Source
Institute
of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan
Province, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
Hydrogen
sulfide (H(2)S) is the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. It is physiologically
generated by cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. H(2)S has
been gaining increasing attention as an important endogenous signaling molecule because of its significant effects on the
cardiovascular and nervous systems. Substantial evidence shows that H(2)S is involved in aging by inhibiting free-radical
reactions, activating SIRT1, and probably interacting with the age-related gene Klotho. Moreover, H(2)S has been shown to
have therapeutic potential in age-associated diseases. This article provides an overview of the physiological functions and
effects of H(2)S in aging and age-associated diseases, and proposes the potential health and therapeutic benefits of H(2)S.
DNA Damage Found To Occur As Part Of Normal Brain Activity
http://mnt.to/l/4cxH
Carmustine
Decreases Amyloid β Plaques In Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4cwL
Link
Between Acting Out Dreams And Development Of Dementia
http://mnt.to/l/4cwg
Scientists
Discover How The Brain Keeps Track Of Similar But Distinct Memories
http://mnt.to/l/4cvt
Dementia
And Sexuality
http://mnt.to/l/4cvs
How Extra Virgin Olive Oil Protects Against
Alzheimer's Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4csT
Major
Discovery For Alzheimer's Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4crM
Depression
Associated With More Rapid Functional Decline In Alzheimer's Patients
http://mnt.to/l/4crz
Study Examines Outcomes Of Screening Mammography
For Age, Breast Density, Hormone Therapy
http://mnt.to/l/4ctD
Caffeine "Can Significantly Protect Against Crash Risk" For
Long Distance Heavy Vehicle Drivers
http://mnt.to/l/4cqx
Stronger Statin Doses Tied To Kidney Injury
http://mnt.to/l/4csx
High Potency Statins Pose Significantly Higher Risk
Of Kidney Injury Than Low Potency, Say Experts
http://mnt.to/l/4cqB
Cold Sores Could Lead To Increased Cognitive Problems
http://mnt.to/l/4czn
Physical Activity Does Not Slow Muscle Aging
http://mnt.to/l/4cy5
Risk Factors In Prostate Cancer: Genetics, Age And Ethnicity
http://mnt.to/l/4cw2
Men With Early Prostate Cancer Should Be Offered
Additional Testing To Confirm Severity Of Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4ctP
Cod-Derived Agent Shows Potential As Dietary Therapy
To Complement Standard Treatments For Prostate Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4csn
Identifying Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients
With Increased Risk Of Prostate Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4crs
In High-Risk Prostate Cancer, Zoledronic Acid Not
Found To Prevent Bone Metastases
http://mnt.to/l/4crk
In Prostate Screening, Digital Rectal Exam
Still Important
http://mnt.to/l/4cq3
People Who Recalled Their Last Meal As Being Filling And Satisfying Ate
Less During Their Next Meal
http://mnt.to/l/4cq5
Anti-Cancer Properties Of Soybeans Highlighted In New Study
http://mnt.to/l/4csX
Vitamin D Supplements May Offer Immune Benefits,
Even In Healthy Individuals
http://mnt.to/l/4csS
Truckers On Caffeine Have Fewer Accidents
http://mnt.to/l/4csB
Sugary Beverage Consumption Linked To 180,000 Deaths
Per Year
http://mnt.to/l/4cst
Improving Diets By Discounting Healthy Foods
http://mnt.to/l/4cqP
High Vitamin D Helps Healthy People Stay That Way
http://mnt.to/l/4cxG
Study Highlights Brain Changes That May Underlie Transition From Aggressive
To Parental Behavior
http://mnt.to/l/4crc
How Adolescent's Brains Make The Transition To
Mature Thinking Revealed By Sleep Study
http://mnt.to/l/4cqR
Naproxen Shows Anti-Viral Activity Against Flu
http://mnt.to/l/4cwy
Study Challenges Role Of Serotonin In Depression, Opens Possibilities
For New Therapies
http://mnt.to/l/4cpR
Tomatoes Created That Mimic Actions Of Good Cholesterol
http://mnt.to/l/4crJ
High Salt Consumption Linked To 2.3 Million Deaths In 2010
http://mnt.to/l/4cwM
A Simple Urine Test Could Be Used To Calculate How
Long A Person Will Live
http://mnt.to/l/4cvr
One In Three Seniors Dies With Dementia
http://mnt.to/l/4cqV
Stress Can Lead To Alzheimer's Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4cpr
Ruminating About Stressful Events May Increase
Inflammation In The Body
http://mnt.to/l/4cnz
Study Finds Dwelling On Stressful Events Can Increase
Inflammation In The Body
http://mnt.to/l/4ckv
Burnout Independently Linked To Coronary Heart Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4cmd
Mammograms Every Other Year Fine For Women Over 50
http://mnt.to/l/4cpj
Breast Cancer Patients Should Avoid High-Fat Dairy
Products
http://mnt.to/l/4cnS
Breast Cancer Survivors Advised To Eat Low
Fat Dairy Products
http://mnt.to/l/4cmr
Epigenetic Changes Found To Play A Key Role In Development
Of Chemo Resistance In Bladder Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4cpH
Lifestyle That Protects Heart May Also Reduce Cancer
Risk
http://mnt.to/l/4cpG
FDA Warns Antibiotic Zithromax Can Cause
Irregular Heart Activity
http://mnt.to/l/4cjF
Reducing Your Risk Of Colon Cancer: Five Facts
About The Number Two Cancer Killer
http://mnt.to/l/4cjw
FDA Investigates Safety Of Type 2 Diabetes
Drugs Januvia And Byetta
http://mnt.to/l/4cmj
Vitamin D Supplements May Help African Americans
Lower Blood Pressure
http://mnt.to/l/4ck2
Some Bacteria May Protect Against Disease Caused
By Stomach Infection
http://mnt.to/l/4cj3
Not Drinking Milk At College Age Increases
Risk For Metabolic Syndrome
http://mnt.to/l/4cmC
Green Tea Or Coffee May Reduce Stroke Risk
http://mnt.to/l/4cnr
Getting White Fat Cells To Burn Calories
Could Be Way To Tackle Obesity
http://mnt.to/l/4cpn
Oils And Fats
Regulate Feeling Of Satiety, But Olive Oil Works Best
http://mnt.to/l/4cmR
Mechanism Discovered That Regulates Production
Of Energy-Burning Brown Fat
http://mnt.to/l/4cjX
Breastfeeding Does Not Lower Risk Of Child
Obesity
http://mnt.to/l/4chn
How Vitamin E Can Help Prevent Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4cn3
Pitavastatin, Alternative Cholesterol-Lowering
Drug For Patients Who Can't Tolerate Statins
http://mnt.to/l/4cgQ
Alzheimer's Disease: Green Tea Extract Found To Interfere With The
Formation Of Amyloid Plaques
http://mnt.to/l/4c9P
Deaths From Dementia Soar According To New Study
http://mnt.to/l/4cb2
A Role Played By A Portion Of The Hippocampus In Modulating Anxiety
http://mnt.to/l/4cbx
Use Of Certain Therapies For Inflammatory Diseases
Does Not Appear To Increase Risk Of Shingles
http://mnt.to/l/4c9S
Using 'Acid Reflux' To Kill Cancer Cells
http://mnt.to/l/4cbV
Study Of Mummies Reveals Heart Problems Of Ancient
World
http://mnt.to/l/4cfP
Heart Disease Among Ancient Mummies Common
http://mnt.to/l/4cfX
What Is Cardiovascular Disease? What Causes Cardiovascular
Disease?
http://mnt.to/l/4cfN
Merck's Long-Acting Niacin Drug Has Serious
Side Effects
http://mnt.to/l/4cfy
Processed Meat Increases Risk Of Cardiovascular
Disease & Early Death
http://mnt.to/l/4ccj
How To Reduce One's Risk Of Colon Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4chj
Many Colonoscopies For Seniors May Be Inappropriate
http://mnt.to/l/4cg6
Study Supports Current Screening Practices And Recommendations
For Colonoscopy
http://mnt.to/l/4c9h
Colonoscopy May Reduce Advanced Cancer Risk By 70%
http://mnt.to/l/4c8F
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Helps To Treat
Diabetic Neuropathies
http://mnt.to/l/4c84
How Climate Plays A Part In Influenza Transmission
http://mnt.to/l/4cct
Early Nutrient Restriction Affects Mammalian Brain
Development
http://mnt.to/l/4ccC
Fruit Flies Lacking TORC2 Show Defective Long-Term
Memory Storage
http://mnt.to/l/4c93
Universal Mechanism Identified For Activating Anti-Aging
Pathway
http://mnt.to/l/4ccy
Strong Link Between Processed Meat And Premature
Death
http://mnt.to/l/4cbH
Scientists Decode The Antihypertensive Impact
Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
http://mnt.to/l/4c9f
International Study: Excess Dietary Salt May
Drive The Development Of Autoimmune Diseases
http://mnt.to/l/4cb7
Young Women Witth High BMI At Increased Risk
For Heart Attack, Stroke
http://mnt.to/l/4ccN
Healthy Lifestyle Leads To 'Healthier Hormones'
http://mnt.to/l/4cbQ
Tackling Obesity May Reverse Heart Disease
Damage
http://mnt.to/l/4c7B
People Eat More, Gain Weight With Less Sleep
http://mnt.to/l/4cg7
Walking Program Improves Stroke Survivors' Lives
http://mnt.to/l/4ccx
Stroke Survivors Benefit From Regular, Brisk Outdoor
Walks
http://mnt.to/l/4cdK
Stroke Or Benign Dizziness? Portable Device
Diagnoses Stroke With 100 Percent Accuracy
http://mnt.to/l/4c8H
New Options For Stroke ALS, Spinal Cord Injury Likely
Following Discovery Of 'Executioner' Protein
Age At Menarche And
Menopause Linked To Heart Disease And Osteoporosis Risk
http://mnt.to/l/4ccY
Possible Link Between High Vitamin D Levels In Expectant Mothers And
Increased Infant Allergy Risks
http://mnt.to/l/4c4r
Breath Test To Identify Stress
http://mnt.to/l/4c3R
The Dietary Causes Of Heart Disease
http://mnt.to/l/4c3L
Sitting Less Reduces Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes
http://mnt.to/l/4c6b
High Sugar Consumption Linked To Type 2 Diabetes
http://mnt.to/l/4c67
Individuals At High Risk Of Developing Type
2 Diabetes Should Address The Balance Between Sedentary Behaviour And Physical Activity
http://mnt.to/l/4c3H
Sugar Consumption Linked To Diabetes, Independent
Of Other Factors
http://mnt.to/l/4c3z
A New Role For Microglia
http://mnt.to/l/4c4g
The Developing Brain May Be Affected By Bisphenol
A
http://mnt.to/l/4bZb
The Importance Of Eating Your Greens
http://mnt.to/l/4c7j
New Plastic Electronics Can Greatly Reduce
Food Waste Worldwide
http://mnt.to/l/4c4q
Even Organic Foods Not Stored, Prepared Or Cooked
In Plastic Containers Can Contain Phthalates And Bisphenol A
http://mnt.to/l/4c3t
New Super-Nutritious Puffed Rice For Breakfast Cereals,
Snacks: American Chemical Society Podcast
http://mnt.to/l/4c2v
Omega-3 Supplements May Prevent Skin Cancer
http://mnt.to/l/4c2d
Eat Too Much? Maybe It's In The Blood
http://mnt.to/l/4c25
Sleeping Pills Raise Hip Fracture Risk In Nursing
Home Residents
http://mnt.to/l/4c8z
Exercise Is The Key To Good Sleep
http://mnt.to/l/4c77
